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Large language models have shown exceptional capabilities in a wide range of tasks, such as text generation and video generation, among others. However, due to their massive parameter count, these models often require substantial storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Qian Tao , Wenyuan Yu , Jingren Zhou

Recent studies introduced effective compression techniques for Large Language Models (LLMs) via post-training quantization or low-bit weight representation. Although quantized weights offer storage efficiency and allow for faster inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Irina Proskurina , Luc Brun , Guillaume Metzler , Julien Velcin

The inference of Large language models (LLMs) requires immense computation and memory resources. To curtail these costs, quantisation has merged as a promising solution, but existing LLM quantisation mainly focuses on 8-bit. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Cheng Zhang , Jianyi Cheng , Ilia Shumailov , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal capabilities have revolutionized vision-language tasks, but their deployment often requires huge memory and computational resources. While post-training quantization (PTQ) has successfully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shubhang Bhatnagar , Andy Xu , Kar-Han Tan , Narendra Ahuja

Quantization-Aware Training from scratch has emerged as a promising approach for building efficient large language models (LLMs) with extremely low-bit weights (sub 2-bit), which can offer substantial advantages for edge deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wenzheng Zhang , Bingzheng Liu , Yang Hu , Xiaoying Bai , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various tasks, but deploying them for inference poses challenges. Their high resource demands often necessitate complex, costly multi-GPU pipelines, or the use of smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Runsheng Bai , Bo Liu , Qiang Liu

Model compression has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to reduce hardware resource requirements significantly while maintaining accuracy of DNNs. Model compression is especially useful for memory-intensive recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Dongsoo Lee , Byeongwook Kim

Weight binarization has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce the complexity of large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches fall into post-training binarization, which is simple but causes severe performance loss, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Ba-Hien Tran , Van Minh Nguyen

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing large language models (LLMs). However, while uniform-precision quantization is computationally efficient, it often compromises model performance. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wei Huang , Haotong Qin , Yangdong Liu , Yawei Li , Qinshuo Liu , Xianglong Liu , Luca Benini , Michele Magno , Shiming Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP, but their demands hinder their widespread deployment. While Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) offers a solution, its extensive training costs make Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) a more practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jing Liu , Ruihao Gong , Xiuying Wei , Zhiwei Dong , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

The upscaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has yielded impressive advances in natural language processing, yet it also poses significant deployment challenges. Weight quantization has emerged as a widely embraced solution to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dayou Du , Yijia Zhang , Shijie Cao , Jiaqi Guo , Ting Cao , Xiaowen Chu , Ningyi Xu

The advent of 1-bit large language models (LLMs) has attracted considerable attention and opened up new research opportunities. However, 1-bit LLMs only improve a fraction of models by applying extreme quantization to the projection layers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jinendra Malekar , Mohammed E. Elbtity , Ramtin Zand

The increasing size of large language models has posed challenges for deployment and raised concerns about environmental impact due to high energy consumption. In this work, we introduce BitNet, a scalable and stable 1-bit Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Hongyu Wang , Shuming Ma , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Huaijie Wang , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Ruiping Wang , Yi Wu , Furu Wei

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

With the development of hardware for machine learning, newer models often come at the cost of both increased sizes and computational complexity. In effort to improve the efficiency for these models, we apply and investigate recent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-03 Ching-Feng Yeh , Wei-Ning Hsu , Paden Tomasello , Abdelrahman Mohamed

Large Language Models (LLMs) stand out for their impressive performance in intricate language modeling tasks. However, their demanding computational and memory needs pose obstacles for broad use on edge devices. Quantization is then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xuan Shen , Peiyan Dong , Lei Lu , Zhenglun Kong , Zhengang Li , Ming Lin , Chao Wu , Yanzhi Wang

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun