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The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has enabled the deployment of various systems based on it. However, many current AI systems are found vulnerable to imperceptible attacks, biased against underrepresented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Bo Li , Peng Qi , Bo Liu , Shuai Di , Jingen Liu , Jiquan Pei , Jinfeng Yi , Bowen Zhou

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integral to organizational processes, they introduce new forms of fraud that are often subtle, systemic, and concealed within technical complexity. This paper introduces the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Benjamin Zweers , Diptish Dey , Debarati Bhaumik

As AI systems integrate into critical infrastructure, security gaps in AI compliance frameworks demand urgent attention. This paper audits and quantifies security risks in three major AI governance standards: NIST AI RMF 1.0, UK's AI and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Keerthana Madhavan , Abbas Yazdinejad , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

This paper investigates the critical issue of data poisoning attacks on AI models, a growing concern in the ever-evolving landscape of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. As advanced technology systems become increasingly prevalent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Halima I. Kure , Pradipta Sarkar , Ahmed B. Ndanusa , Augustine O. Nwajana

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. However, alongside all its advancements, problems have also emerged, such as privacy violations, security issues and model fairness. Differential privacy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wei Wang , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has unlocked new possibilities for applying artificial intelligence across a wide range of fields, including privacy engineering. As modern applications increasingly handle sensitive user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Majid Mollaeefar , Andrea Bissoli , Silvio Ranise

Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a direct impact on the daily life of billions of people. Being applied to sectors like finance, health, security and advertisement, AI fuels some of the biggest companies and research institutions in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Atia Cortés , Sergio Alvarez-Napagao , Ulises Cortés

All of the frontier AI companies have published safety frameworks where they define capability thresholds and risk mitigations that determine how they will safely develop and deploy their models. Adoption of systematic approaches to risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Simon Mylius

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology epitomizes the complex challenges posed by human-made artifacts, particularly those widely integrated into society and exerting significant influence, highlighting potential benefits and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Antonis Troumpoukis , Vangelis Karkaletsis

This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study on the safety alignment capabilities. We evaluate what matters for safety alignment in LLMs and LRMs to provide essential insights for developing more secure and reliable AI systems. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xing Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Lihao Yin , Xianzhi Yu , Zhenhua Dong , Mingxuan Yuan

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin

AI Safety is an emerging area of critical importance to the safe adoption and deployment of AI systems. With the rapid proliferation of AI and especially with the recent advancement of Generative AI (or GAI), the technology ecosystem behind…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chen Chen , Xueluan Gong , Ziyao Liu , Weifeng Jiang , Si Qi Goh , Kwok-Yan Lam

Frontier AI models -- highly capable foundation models at the cutting edge of AI development -- may pose severe risks to public safety, human rights, economic stability, and societal value in the coming years. These risks could arise from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Deepika Raman , Nada Madkour , Evan R. Murphy , Krystal Jackson , Jessica Newman

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly being integrated into critical systems across various domains, from healthcare to autonomous vehicles. While its integration brings immense benefits, it also introduces significant risks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhiqiang Lin , Huan Sun , Ness Shroff

Ensuring Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) reliably avoids harmful behaviors is a critical challenge, especially for systems with high autonomy or in safety-critical domains. Despite various safety assurance proposals and extreme risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chao Yang , Chaochao Lu , Yingchun Wang , Bowen Zhou

The capabilities of artificial intelligence systems have been advancing to a great extent, but these systems still struggle with failure modes, vulnerabilities, and biases. In this paper, we study the current state of the field, and present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xingli Fang , Jianwei Li , Varun Mulchandani , Jung-Eun Kim

This paper argues that AI alignment is not merely difficult, but is founded on a fundamental logical contradiction. We first establish The Enumeration Paradox: we use machine learning precisely because we cannot enumerate all necessary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Jasper Yao

Fraud is a prevalent offence that extends beyond financial loss, causing psychological and physical harm to victims. The advancements in online communication technologies alowed for online fraud to thrive in this vast network, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Antonis Papasavva , Shane Johnson , Ed Lowther , Samantha Lundrigan , Enrico Mariconti , Anna Markovska , Nilufer Tuptuk

Computer security has been a concern for decades and artificial intelligence techniques have been applied to the area for nearly as long. Most of the techniques are being applied to the detection of attacks to running systems, but recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Steve Kommrusch

Traditional rule-based cybersecurity systems have proven highly effective against known malware threats. However, they face challenges in detecting novel threats. To address this issue, emerging cybersecurity systems are incorporating AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tobias Becher , Simon Torka