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Related papers: Language Models with Conformal Factuality Guarante…

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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

Recent frontier large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in identifying security vulnerabilities in large, mature open-source systems. As LLM-generated code becomes increasingly common, a natural goal is to prevent such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhaorui Li , Chengyu Song

Large language models (LLMs) have been found to produce hallucinations when the question exceeds their internal knowledge boundaries. A reliable model should have a clear perception of its knowledge boundaries, providing correct answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi , Lulu Yu , Jiafeng Guo

Quantifying uncertainty in automatically generated text is important for letting humans check potential hallucinations and making systems more reliable. Conformal prediction is an attractive framework to provide predictions imbued with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Dennis Ulmer , Chrysoula Zerva , André F. T. Martins

Recent studies have adopted pre-trained language models, such as CodeT5 and CodeGPT, for automated program generation tasks like code generation, repair, and translation. Numerous language model-based approaches have been proposed and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yonghui Liu , Li Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer natural language explanations as an alternative to feature attribution methods for model interpretability. However, despite their plausibility, they may not reflect the model's true reasoning faithfully.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Kerem Zaman , Shashank Srivastava

Multilingual large-scale Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have been shown to store considerable amounts of factual knowledge, but large variations are observed across languages. With the ultimate goal of ensuring that users with different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

Automated fact-checking, using machine learning to verify claims, has grown vital as misinformation spreads beyond human fact-checking capacity. Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 are increasingly trusted to write academic papers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Dorian Quelle , Alexandre Bovet

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses to questions; however, their effectiveness is often hindered by sub-optimal quality of answers and occasional failures to provide accurate responses to questions. To address these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Liang Zhang , Katherine Jijo , Spurthi Setty , Eden Chung , Fatima Javid , Natan Vidra , Tommy Clifford

Hallucinations are a persistent problem with Large Language Models (LLMs). As these models become increasingly used in high-stakes domains, such as healthcare and finance, the need for effective hallucination detection is crucial. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generating non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Large language models (LLMs) have recently driven striking performance improvements across a range of natural language processing tasks. The factual knowledge acquired during pretraining and instruction tuning can be useful in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xuming Hu , Junzhe Chen , Xiaochuan Li , Yufei Guo , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Zhijiang Guo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist ideation in research, but evaluating the quality of LLM-generated research proposals remains difficult: novelty and soundness are hard to measure automatically, and large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heng Wang , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiashuo Sun , Zhiyi Shi , Haofei Yu , Jiawei Han , Heng Ji

Facts are subject to contingencies and can be true or false in different circumstances. One such contingency is time, wherein some facts mutate over a given period, e.g., the president of a country or the winner of a championship.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Constanza Fierro , Nicolas Garneau , Emanuele Bugliarello , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Anders Søgaard

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate survey responses, but synthetic data can be misaligned with the human population, leading to unreliable inference. We develop a general framework that converts LLM-simulated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Chengpiao Huang , Yuhang Wu , Kaizheng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable tools across various applications, making it more important than ever to ensure the quality and the trustworthiness of their outputs. This has led to growing interest in uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Roman Vashurin , Maiya Goloburda , Preslav Nakov , Maxim Panov

Accurately gauging the confidence level of Large Language Models' (LLMs) predictions is pivotal for their reliable application. However, LLMs are often uncalibrated inherently and elude conventional calibration techniques due to their…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to automatically label and analyze educational dialogue at scale, yet current pipelines lack reliable ways to detect when models are wrong. We investigate whether reasoning generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Bakhtawar Ahtisham , Kirk Vanacore , Zhuqian Zhou , Jinsook Lee , Rene F. Kizilcec

Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is a promising approach to improve model reliability, yet quantifying the uncertainty of Large Language Models (LLMs) is non-trivial. In this work, we establish a connection between the uncertainty of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Mingda Li , Xinyu Li , Weinan Zhang , Longxuan Ma

This paper investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of understanding their knowledge and uncertainty over questions. Specifically, we focus on addressing known-unknown questions, characterized by high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Alfonso Amayuelas , Kyle Wong , Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , William Wang