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Understanding and accurately following instructions is critical for large language models (LLMs) to be effective across diverse tasks. In this work, we rigorously examine the key factors that enable models to generalize to unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Dylan Zhang , Justin Wang , Francois Charton

Instruction tuning -- tuning large language models on instruction-output pairs -- is a promising technique for making models better adapted to the real world. Yet, the key factors driving the model's capability to understand and follow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Dylan Zhang , Justin Wang , Francois Charton

Instruction tuning (IT) achieves impressive zero-shot generalization results by training large language models (LLMs) on a massive amount of diverse tasks with instructions. However, how to select new tasks to improve the performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Po-Nien Kung , Fan Yin , Di Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

The potential of large language models (LLMs) to simultaneously perform a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks has been the subject of extensive research. Although instruction tuning has proven to be a data-efficient method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Chufan Shi , Yixuan Su , Cheng Yang , Yujiu Yang , Deng Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, where instruction tuning is the critical step in aligning LLMs with user intentions. In this work, we investigate how the instruction tuning adjusts pre-trained models with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xuansheng Wu , Wenlin Yao , Jianshu Chen , Xiaoman Pan , Xiaoyang Wang , Ninghao Liu , Dong Yu

Instruction tuning is commonly assumed to endow language models with a domain-general ability to follow instructions, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Does instruction-following rely on a universal mechanism or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Elisabetta Rocchetti , Alfio Ferrara

Instruction tuning -- supervised fine-tuning using instruction-response pairs -- is a key step in making pre-trained large language models (LLMs) instructable. Meanwhile, LLMs perform multitask learning during their pre-training, acquiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seokhyun An , Minji Kim , Hyounghun Kim

Recently, Language Models (LMs) instruction-tuned on multiple tasks, also known as multitask-prompted fine-tuning (MT), have shown the capability to generalize to unseen tasks. Previous work has shown that scaling the number of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Joel Jang , Seungone Kim , Seonghyeon Ye , Doyoung Kim , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Minjoon Seo

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional multitasking abilities, fine-tuning these models on downstream, domain-specific datasets is often necessary to yield superior performance on test sets compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoran Yang , Yumeng Zhang , Jiaqi Xu , Hongyuan Lu , Pheng Ann Heng , Wai Lam

As instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) gain global adoption, their ability to follow instructions in multiple languages becomes increasingly crucial. In this work, we investigate how multilinguality during instruction tuning of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Uri Shaham , Jonathan Herzig , Roee Aharoni , Idan Szpektor , Reut Tsarfaty , Matan Eyal

Traditional supervised learning mostly works on individual tasks and requires training on a large set of task-specific examples. This paradigm seriously hinders the development of task generalization since preparing a task-specific example…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jiasheng Gu , Hongyu Zhao , Hanzi Xu , Liangyu Nie , Hongyuan Mei , Wenpeng Yin

Instruction tuning is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve real-world tasks. Prior work has shown the effectiveness of instruction-tuning data synthesized solely from LLMs, raising a fundamental question: Do we still…

Instruction tuning is now a widely adopted approach to aligning large multimodal models (LMMs) to follow human intent. It unifies the data format of vision-language tasks, enabling multi-task joint training. However, vision-language tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Jinghan He , Haiyun Guo , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Training large language models (LLMs) with open-domain instruction data has yielded remarkable success in aligning to end tasks and human preferences. Extensive research has highlighted the importance of the quality and diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yingxiu Zhao , Bowen Yu , Binyuan Hui , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Nevin L. Zhang

Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. Recent research has introduced multimodal capabilities to LLMs by integrating independently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Utsav Garg , Erhan Bas

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Instruction tuning has been attracting much attention to achieve generalization ability across a wide variety of tasks. Although various types of instructions have been manually created for instruction tuning, it is still unclear what kind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Masaru Isonuma , Junichiro Mori , Ichiro Sakata

Open-sourced large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various tasks with instruction tuning. However, these models can sometimes struggle with tasks that require more specialized knowledge such as translation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Yongjing Yin , Jie Zhou

Instruction tuning is a burgeoning method to elicit the general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs). While numerous studies have examined the impact of factors such as data volume and model size on English models, the scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Chiyu Song , Zhanchao Zhou , Jianhao Yan , Yuejiao Fei , Zhenzhong Lan , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in creative tasks such as storytelling and E-mail generation. However, as LLMs are primarily trained on final text results rather than intermediate revisions, it might…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Lei Shu , Liangchen Luo , Jayakumar Hoskere , Yun Zhu , Yinxiao Liu , Simon Tong , Jindong Chen , Lei Meng
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