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Prompt engineering is an effective but labor-intensive way to control text-to-image (T2I) generative models. Its time-intensive nature and complexity have spurred the development of algorithms for automated prompt generation. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yutong He , Alexander Robey , Naoki Murata , Yiding Jiang , Joshua Nathaniel Williams , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Yuki Mitsufuji , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter

Existing text-to-image (T2I) benchmarks largely rely on fixed prompt sets, leaving them vulnerable to overfitting and benchmark contamination once publicly released and repeatedly reused. In this work, we propose DynT2I-Eval, a fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Juntong Wang , Jiarui Wang , Huiyu Duan , Lewei Li , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Text-to-image (T2I) models can be maliciously used to generate harmful content such as sexually explicit, unfaithful, and misleading or Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) images. Previous attacks largely depend on the availability of the diffusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jiachen Ma , Yijiang Li , Zhiqing Xiao , Anda Cao , Jie Zhang , Chao Ye , Junbo Zhao

Despite the impressive synthesis quality of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models, their black-box deployment poses significant regulatory challenges: Malicious actors can fine-tune these models to generate illegal content, circumventing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhuomeng Zhang , Fangqi Li , Chong Di , Hongyu Zhu , Hanyi Wang , Shilin Wang

The rapid evolution of text-to-image (T2I) models has enabled high-fidelity visual synthesis on a global scale. However, these advancements have introduced significant security risks, particularly regarding the generation of harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wonwoo Choi , Minjae Seo , Minkyoo Song , Hwanjo Heo , Seungwon Shin , Myoungsung You

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-fidelity images. However, these models often struggle to faithfully render complex user prompts, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Linqing Wang , Ximing Xing , Yiji Cheng , Zhiyuan Zhao , Donghao Li , Tiankai Hang , Jiale Tao , Qixun Wang , Ruihuang Li , Comi Chen , Xin Li , Mingrui Wu , Xinchi Deng , Shuyang Gu , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu

Text-to-image (T2I) models, such as Stable Diffusion, have exhibited remarkable performance in generating high-quality images from text descriptions in recent years. However, text-to-image models may be tricked into generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinfeng Li , Yuchen Yang , Jiangyi Deng , Chen Yan , Yanjiao Chen , Xiaoyu Ji , Wenyuan Xu

Text-to-image (T2I) models are widespread, but their limited safety guardrails expose end users to harmful content and potentially allow for model misuse. Current safety measures are typically limited to text-based filtering or concept…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Runtao Liu , I Chieh Chen , Jindong Gu , Jipeng Zhang , Renjie Pi , Qifeng Chen , Philip Torr , Ashkan Khakzar , Fabio Pizzati

Various (text) prompt filters and (image) safety checkers have been implemented to mitigate the misuse of Text-to-Image (T2I) models in creating Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) content. In order to expose potential security vulnerabilities of such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Song Yan , Hui Wei , Jinlong Fei , Guoliang Yang , Zhengyu Zhao , Zheng Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) models have garnered significant attention for generating high-quality images aligned with text prompts. However, rapid T2I model advancements reveal limitations in early benchmarks, lacking comprehensive evaluations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jingjing Chang , Yixiao Fang , Peng Xing , Shuhan Wu , Wei Cheng , Rui Wang , Xianfang Zeng , Gang Yu , Hai-Bao Chen

With the rise of text-to-image (T2I) generative AI models reaching wide audiences, it is critical to evaluate model robustness against non-obvious attacks to mitigate the generation of offensive images. By focusing on ``implicitly…

We investigate the generation of minority samples using pretrained text-to-image (T2I) latent diffusion models. Minority instances, in the context of T2I generation, can be defined as ones living on low-density regions of text-conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Soobin Um , Jong Chul Ye

Text-to-image (T2I) research has grown explosively in the past year, owing to the large-scale pre-trained diffusion models and many emerging personalization and editing approaches. Yet, one pain point persists: the text prompt engineering,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xingqian Xu , Jiayi Guo , Zhangyang Wang , Gao Huang , Irfan Essa , Humphrey Shi

Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models have demonstrated strong generation ability, but their potential to generate unsafe content raises significant safety concerns. Existing inference-time defense methods typically perform category-agnostic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Binhong Tan , Zhaoxin Wang , Handing Wang

Well-designed prompts can guide text-to-image models to generate amazing images. However, the performant prompts are often model-specific and misaligned with user input. Instead of laborious human engineering, we propose prompt adaptation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yaru Hao , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei

With the advance of generative AI, the text-to-image (T2I) model has the ability to generate various contents. However, the generated contents cannot be fully controlled. There is a potential risk that T2I model can generate unsafe images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Dong Han , Salaheldin Mohamed , Yong Li

Text-to-image models have shown remarkable progress in generating high-quality images from user-provided prompts. Despite this, the quality of these images varies due to the models' sensitivity to human language nuances. With advancements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xinrui Yang , Zhuohan Wang , Anthony Hu

Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models enable high quality open ended synthesis, but practical use requires suppressing unsafe generations while preserving behavior on benign prompts. We study this tension relative to the frozen generator,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minhyuk Lee , Hyekyung Yoon , Myungjoo Kang

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have recently achieved remarkable success in generating images from textual descriptions. However, challenges still persist in accurately rendering complex scenes where actions and interactions form the primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Vatsal Malaviya , Agneet Chatterjee , Maitreya Patel , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral