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Regression discontinuity designs have become one of the most popular research designs in empirical economics. We argue, however, that widely used approaches to building confidence intervals in regression discontinuity designs exhibit…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-01 Aditya Ghosh , Guido Imbens , Stefan Wager

This paper provides clear and practical guidance on the specification of imputation models when multiple imputation is used in conjunction with doubly robust estimation methods for causal inference. Through theoretical arguments and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-19 Lucy D'Agostino McGowan

The task of inferring high-level causal variables from low-level observations, commonly referred to as causal representation learning, is fundamentally underconstrained. As such, recent works to address this problem focus on various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-26 Simon Bing , Urmi Ninad , Jonas Wahl , Jakob Runge

In this article we present the basics of manifold relevance determination (MRD) as introduced in \cite{mrd}, and some applications where the technology might be of particular use. Section 1 acts as a short tutorial of the ideas developed in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Pete Trautman

Explanations of the internal validity of regression discontinuity designs (RDD) generally appeal to the idea that RDDs are ``as good as" random near the treatment cut point. Cattaneo, Frandsen, and Titiunik (2015) are the first to take this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 Sophie Litschwartz

Regression discontinuity designs (RDDs) are a common quasi-experiment in economics and statistics. The most popular methodologies for analyzing RDDs utilize continuity-based assumptions and local polynomial regression, but recent works have…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-06 Zach Branson , Fabrizia Mealli

Regression discontinuity designs are frequently used to estimate the causal effect of election outcomes and policy interventions. In these contexts, treatment effects are typically estimated with covariates included to improve efficiency.…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-06 L. Jason Anastasopoulos

Independence analysis is an indispensable step before regression analysis to find out essential factors that influence the objects. With many applications in machine Learning, medical Learning and a variety of disciplines, statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-08 Wenliang Pan , Yujue Li , Jianwu Liu , Pei Dang , Weixiong Mai

Estimating dynamic treatment effects is a crucial endeavor in causal inference, particularly when confronted with high-dimensional confounders. Doubly robust (DR) approaches have emerged as promising tools for estimating treatment effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-17 Jelena Bradic , Weijie Ji , Yuqian Zhang

A basic principle in the design of observational studies is to approximate the randomized experiment that would have been conducted under controlled circumstances. Now, linear regression models are commonly used to analyze observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-08 Ambarish Chattopadhyay , Jose R. Zubizarreta

In this work, we consider causal inference in various high-dimensional treatment settings, including for single multi-valued treatments and vector treatments with binary or continuous components, when the number of treatments can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Patrick Kramer , Edward H. Kennedy , Isaac M. Opper

Causality lays the foundation for the trajectory of our world. Causal inference (CI), which aims to infer intrinsic causal relations among variables of interest, has emerged as a crucial research topic. Nevertheless, the lack of observation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yaochen Zhu , Yinhan He , Jing Ma , Mengxuan Hu , Sheng Li , Jundong Li

The increasing popularity of regression discontinuity methods for causal inference in observational studies has led to a proliferation of different estimating strategies, most of which involve first fitting non-parametric regression models…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-11 Guido Imbens , Stefan Wager

Utilizing covariate information has been a powerful approach to improve the efficiency and accuracy for causal inference, which support massive amount of randomized experiments run on data-driven enterprises. However, state-of-art…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-06 Yuhang Wu , Jinghai He , Zeyu Zheng

Over the past few decades, addressing "spatial confounding" has become a major topic in spatial statistics. However, the literature has provided conflicting definitions, and many proposed solutions are tied to specific analysis models and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-14 Brian Gilbert , Abhirup Datta , Joan A. Casey , Elizabeth L. Ogburn

We provide an inference procedure for the sharp regression discontinuity design (RDD) under monotonicity, with possibly multiple running variables. Specifically, we consider the case where the true regression function is monotone with…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-01 Koohyun Kwon , Soonwoo Kwon

Simulation methods are among the most ubiquitous methodological tools in statistical science. In particular, statisticians often is simulation to explore properties of statistical functionals in models for which developed statistical theory…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Tyrel Stokes , Ian Shrier , Russell Steele

Causal effect moderation investigates how the effect of interventions (or treatments) on outcome variables changes based on observed characteristics of individuals, known as potential effect moderators. With advances in data collection,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Soham Bakshi , Walter Dempsey , Snigdha Panigrahi

In medical settings, treatment assignment may be determined by a clinically important covariate that predicts patients' risk of event. There is a class of methods from the social science literature known as regression discontinuity (RD)…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-13 Youngjoo Cho , Chen Hu , Debashis Ghosh

We present a practical guide for the analysis of regression discontinuity (RD) designs in biomedical contexts. We begin by introducing key concepts, assumptions, and estimands within both the continuity-based framework and the local…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-17 Matias D. Cattaneo , Luke Keele , Rocio Titiunik