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We explore the connection between the gravitational wave (GW) merger rates of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBH) and galaxy properties. We do this by generating populations of stars using the binary population synthesis code COMPAS and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-28 Liana Rauf , Cullan Howlett , Tamara M. Davis , Claudia D. P. Lagos

We present a novel framework to infer the mass of clusters that host hierarchical binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected with gravitational-waves (GWs), on a single event basis. We show that the requirement that a second-generation (2G)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-06 Avinash Tiwari , Shasvath J. Kapadia

Low-frequency gravitational wave experiments such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and pulsar timing arrays are expected to detect individual massive black hole (MBH) binaries and mergers. However, secure methods of identifying the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-09 Jaeden Bardati , John J. Ruan , Daryl Haggard , Michael Tremmel

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) coalescence in galaxy mergers is believed to be one of the primary sources of very low frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Significant contribution of the GWs comes from mergers of massive galaxies with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Z. L. Wen , F. S. Liu , J. L. Han

Following the recent evidence for a gravitational wave (GW) background found by pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments, the next major science milestone is resolving individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The detection of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Polina Petrov , Levi Schult , Stephen R. Taylor , Nihan Pol , Nima Laal , Maria Charisi , Chung-Pei Ma

Ultra-wide triple black-holes (TBHs; with an outer orbit $>10^3$ AU) in the field can be considerably perturbed by flyby encounters with field stars by the excitation of the outer orbit eccentricities. We study the cumulative effect of such…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-07 Erez Michaely , Hagai G. Perets

The major source of ground-based gravitational wave detectors, the inspiral and merger of comparable mass binary black holes (BBH), consists of a slow quasicircular inspiral, a merger to form a single remnant hole, and the quasinormal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-27 Richard H. Price , Ritesh Bachhar , Gaurav Khanna

Globular clusters (GCs) are crucial for studying stellar dynamics and galactic structure, yet precise measurements of their distances and masses are often limited by uncertainties in electromagnetic (EM) observations. We present a novel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Jie Wu , Yao Xiao , Mengfei Sun , Jin Li

We study the dynamical evolution of the stellar mass binary black holes (BBHs) in a galactic nucleus that contains a massive black hole (MBH). For a comprehensive study of their merging events, we consider simultaneously the non-resonant…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-17 Fupeng Zhang , Lijing Shao , Weishan Zhu

Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) form through galaxy mergers and are among the loudest sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the universe. If the binary inspiral time is long, a subsequent galaxy merger can introduce a third black…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-06 Pranav Satheesh , Laura Blecha , Luke Zoltan Kelley

Massive Black Hole (MBH) binaries are considered to be one of the most important sources of Gravitational Waves (GW) that can be detected by GW detectors like LISA. However, there are a lot of uncertainties in the dynamics of MBH binaries…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Diptajyoti Mukherjee , Qirong Zhu , Go Ogiya , Carl L. Rodriguez , Hy Trac

Studying how the black hole (BH) - (galaxy) bulge mass relation evolves with redshift provides valuable insights into the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. However, obtaining accurate measurement of BH masses…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Musfar Muhamed Kozhikkal , Siyuan Chen , Gilles Theureau , Melanie Habouzit , Alberto Sesana

Coalescing massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) are one of primary sources for space-based gravitational wave (GW) observations. The mergers of these binaries are expected to give rise to detectable electromagnetic (EM) emissions with a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-26 Wen-Hong Ruan , Zong-Kuan Guo

Observations suggest that star clusters often form in binaries or larger bound groups. Therefore, mergers between two clusters are likely to occur. If these clusters both harbor an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH; 10^{2-4} Msun) in their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Marc Freitag

Massive black-hole (BH) mergers are predicted to be powerful sources of low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Coupling the detection of GWs with an electromagnetic (EM) detection can provide key information about merging BHs and their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-03 C. A. Dong-Páez , M. Volonteri , R. S. Beckmann , Y. Dubois , A. Mangiagli , M. Trebitsch , S. Vergani , N. Webb

The discovery of gravitational waves from compact objects coalescence opens a brand-new window to observe the universe. With more events being detected in the future, statistical examinations would be essential to better understand the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-31 Shao-Peng Tang , Hao Wang , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Ming-Zhe Han , Yi-Zhong Fan , Da-Ming Wei

The ground-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories discover a population of merging stellar binary black holes (BBHs), which are promising targets for multiband observations by the low-, middle-, and high-frequency GW detectors. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-06 Yuetong Zhao , Youjun Lu , Changshuo Yan , Zhiwei Chen , Wei-Tou Ni

The mass distribution of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) is affected by drops in the pressure of the early Universe plasma. For example, events in the standard model of particle physics, such as the $W^\pm/Z^0$ decoupling, the quark-hadron…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Matteo Braglia , Juan Garcia-Bellido , Sachiko Kuroyanagi

NANOGrav and other Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) have discovered a common-spectrum process in the nHz range that may be due to gravitational waves (GWs): if so, they are likely to have been generated by black hole (BH) binaries with total…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 John Ellis , Malcolm Fairbairn , Gert Hütsi , Martti Raidal , Juan Urrutia , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe

Dynamical interactions in star clusters are an efficient mechanism to produce the coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) that have been detected with gravitational waves (GWs). We want to understand how BBH coalescence can occur during - or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-21 Bruno Rando Forastier , Daniel Marín Pina , Mark Gieles , Simon Portegies Zwart , Fabio Antonini