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Large Language Models (LLMs) encode factual knowledge within hidden parametric spaces that are difficult to inspect or control. While Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) can decompose hidden activations into more fine-grained, interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Minglai Yang , Xinyu Guo , Zhengliang Shi , Jinhe Bi , Steven Bethard , Mihai Surdeanu , Liangming Pan

Accurate and robust prediction of patient's response to drug treatments is critical for developing precision medicine. However, it is often difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of coherent drug response data from patients directly for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Di He , Lei Xie

Human infant learning happens during exploration of the environment, by interaction with objects, and by listening to and repeating utterances casually, which is analogous to unsupervised learning. Only occasionally, a learning infant would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ozan Özdemir , Matthias Kerzel , Cornelius Weber , Jae Hee Lee , Muhammad Burhan Hafez , Patrick Bruns , Stefan Wermter

We introduce a novel masked graph autoencoder (MGAE) framework to perform effective learning on graph structure data. Taking insights from self-supervised learning, we randomly mask a large proportion of edges and try to reconstruct these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Qiaoyu Tan , Ninghao Liu , Xiao Huang , Rui Chen , Soo-Hyun Choi , Xia Hu

Translating the internal representations and computations of models into concepts that humans can understand is a key goal of interpretability. While recent dictionary learning methods such as Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) provide a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Usha Bhalla , Alex Oesterling , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Flavio P. Calmon

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have been used widely to decompose and interpret neural network activations, especially those of transformer language models. One key issue with SAEs is their inability to directly model multidimensional features.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Collin Francel

This work presents StrAE: a Structured Autoencoder framework that through strict adherence to explicit structure, and use of a novel contrastive objective over tree-structured representations, enables effective learning of multi-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mattia Opper , Victor Prokhorov , N. Siddharth

Stack autoencoder (SAE), as a representative deep network, has unique and excellent performance in feature learning, and has received extensive attention from researchers. However, existing deep SAEs focus on original samples without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Chuanyan Zhou , Jie Ma , Fan Li , Yongming Li , Pin Wang , Xiaoheng Zhang

Vision Transformer (ViT) suffers from data scarcity in semi-supervised learning (SSL). To alleviate this issue, inspired by masked autoencoder (MAE), which is a data-efficient self-supervised learner, we propose Semi-MAE, a pure ViT-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Haojie Yu , Kang Zhao , Xiaoming Xu

Structured variational autoencoders (SVAEs) combine probabilistic graphical model priors on latent variables, deep neural networks to link latent variables to observed data, and structure-exploiting algorithms for approximate posterior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-29 Yixiu Zhao , Scott W. Linderman

Increasingly many real world tasks involve data in multiple modalities or views. This has motivated the development of many effective algorithms for learning a common latent space to relate multiple domains. However, most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Tanmoy Mukherjee , Makoto Yamada , Timothy M. Hospedales

We present a comprehensive study on the use of autoencoders for modelling text data, in which (differently from previous studies) we focus our attention on the following issues: i) we explore the suitability of two different models bDA and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Parth Gupta , Rafael E. Banchs , Paolo Rosso

We present a new flavor of Variational Autoencoder (VAE) that interpolates seamlessly between unsupervised, semi-supervised and fully supervised learning domains. We show that unlabeled datapoints not only boost unsupervised tasks, but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Felix Berkhahn , Richard Keys , Wajih Ouertani , Nikhil Shetty , Dominik Geißler

Unsupervised text embedding methods, such as Skip-gram and Paragraph Vector, have been attracting increasing attention due to their simplicity, scalability, and effectiveness. However, comparing to sophisticated deep learning architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

In this paper, we present an in-depth investigation of the convolutional autoencoder (CAE) bottleneck. Autoencoders (AE), and especially their convolutional variants, play a vital role in the current deep learning toolbox. Researchers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Ilja Manakov , Markus Rohm , Volker Tresp

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

We introduce the concept of a Modular Autoencoder (MAE), capable of learning a set of diverse but complementary representations from unlabelled data, that can later be used for supervised tasks. The learning of the representations is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Henry W J Reeve , Gavin Brown

With the development of generative-based self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches like BeiT and MAE, how to learn good representations by masking random patches of the input image and reconstructing the missing information has grown in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Yabo Chen , Yuchen Liu , Dongsheng Jiang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Wenrui Dai , Hongkai Xiong , Qi Tian

We propose a new unsupervised model for mapping a variable-duration speech segment to a fixed-dimensional representation. The resulting acoustic word embeddings can form the basis of search, discovery, and indexing systems for low- and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-07 Puyuan Peng , Herman Kamper , Karen Livescu

Autoencoder, as an essential part of many anomaly detection methods, is lacking flexibility on normal data in complex datasets. U-Net is proved to be effective for this purpose but overfits on the training data if trained by just using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Mohammadreza Salehi , Ainaz Eftekhar , Niousha Sadjadi , Mohammad Hossein Rohban , Hamid R. Rabiee