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Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Despite their superb capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While recent jailbreaks have achieved notable progress, their effectiveness and efficiency can still be improved. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yunhan Zhao , Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive safety evaluations. In particular, the enhanced Chinese language proficiency of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shuyi Liu , Simiao Cui , Haoran Bu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

With the wide application of multimodal foundation models in intelligent agent systems, scenarios such as mobile device control, intelligent assistant interaction, and multimodal task execution are gradually relying on such large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Siyuan Liang , Tianmeng Fang , Zhe Liu , Aishan Liu , Yan Xiao , Jinyuan He , Ee-Chien Chang , Xiaochun Cao

The robustness of LLMs to jailbreak attacks, where users design prompts to circumvent safety measures and misuse model capabilities, has been studied primarily for LLMs acting as simple chatbots. Meanwhile, LLM agents -- which use external…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) improve task performance through extended inference-time reasoning. Although previous studies suggest that longer reasoning should lead to more robust safety behavior, we find evidence to the contrary:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jianli Zhao , Tingchen Fu , Rylan Schaeffer , Mrinank Sharma , Fazl Barez

Jailbreak attacks on large models have drawn growing attention due to their close ties to societal safety. This work identifies a practical yet unexplored jailbreak scenario, the wide-net-casting scenario, where an adversary can query a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qiuchi Xiang , Haoxuan Qu , Hossein Rahmani , Jun Liu

The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

Large language model unlearning has become a critical challenge in ensuring safety and controlled model behavior by removing undesired data-model influences from the pretrained model while preserving general utility. Significant recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Soumyadeep Pal , Changsheng Wang , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Sijia Liu

Large language models are widely adopted as automated evaluation judges, yet the stability of their verdicts under semantically equivalent prompt rephrasings remains largely unexamined. We conduct a systematic empirical study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Rohith Reddy Bellibatlu , Edward Raff , Wenbin Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass their safety mechanisms. Existing attack methods are fixed or specifically tailored for certain models and cannot flexibly adjust attack strength, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiting Dong , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools for answering user queries, yet they remain highly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Existing guardrail methods typically rely on internal features or textual responses to detect malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Jiahao Xu

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated increasing power, they have also given rise to a wide range of harmful behaviors. As representatives, jailbreak attacks can provoke harmful or unethical responses from LLMs, even after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Ben Zhou , Bang Zheng Li , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Jailbreak attacks designed to bypass safety mechanisms pose a serious threat by prompting LLMs to generate harmful or inappropriate content, despite alignment with ethical guidelines. Crafting universal filtering rules remains difficult due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lama Sleem , Jerome Francois , Lujun Li , Nathan Foucher , Niccolo Gentile , Radu State

Large language models (LLMs) introduce new security risks, but there are few comprehensive evaluation suites to measure and reduce these risks. We present BenchmarkName, a novel benchmark to quantify LLM security risks and capabilities. We…

Traditional methods for evaluating the robustness of large language models (LLMs) often rely on standardized benchmarks, which can escalate costs and limit evaluations across varied domains. This paper introduces a novel framework designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Aihua Pei , Zehua Yang , Shunan Zhu , Ruoxi Cheng , Ju Jia

A prompt injection attack aims to inject malicious instruction/data into the input of an LLM-Integrated Application such that it produces results as an attacker desires. Existing works are limited to case studies. As a result, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yupei Liu , Yuqi Jia , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in performance, various jailbreak attacks have posed growing safety and ethical risks. Malicious users often exploit adversarial context to deceive LLMs, prompting them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jinhwa Kim , Ian G. Harris

We find that language models have difficulties generating fallacious and deceptive reasoning. When asked to generate deceptive outputs, language models tend to leak honest counterparts but believe them to be false. Exploiting this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yue Zhou , Henry Peng Zou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention but also raised concerns due to the risk of misuse. Jailbreak prompts, a popular type of adversarial attack towards LLMs, have appeared and constantly evolved to breach the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Zhihua Jin , Shiyi Liu , Haotian Li , Xun Zhao , Huamin Qu
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