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Brain Foundation Models (BFMs) are transforming neuroscience by enabling scalable and transferable learning from neural signals, advancing both clinical diagnostics and cutting-edge neuroscience exploration. Their emergence is powered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fanqi Shen , Enhong Yang , Jiahe Li , Junru Hong , Xiaoran Pan , Zhizhang Yuan , Meng Li , Yang Yang

Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) measure neural activity non-invasively by capturing electromagnetic fields generated by dendritic currents. Although rooted in the same biophysics, EEG and MEG exhibit distinct…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Qinfan Xiao , Ziyun Cui , Chi Zhang , Siqi Chen , Wen Wu , Andrew Thwaites , Alexandra Woolgar , Bowen Zhou , Chao Zhang

We present a keypoint-based foundation model for general purpose brain MRI registration, based on the recently-proposed KeyMorph framework. Our model, called BrainMorph, serves as a tool that supports multi-modal, pairwise, and scalable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Alan Q. Wang , Rachit Saluja , Heejong Kim , Xinzi He , Adrian Dalca , Mert R. Sabuncu

Foundation models are transforming neuroscience but are often prohibitively large, data-hungry, and difficult to deploy. Here, we introduce BrainSymphony, a lightweight and parameter-efficient foundation model with plug-and-play integration…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-13 Moein Khajehnejad , Forough Habibollahi , Devon Stoliker , Adeel Razi

Brainwave signals are read through Electroencephalogram (EEG) devices. These signals are generated from an active brain based on brain activities and thoughts. The classification of brainwave signals is a challenging task due to its…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-18 Zhyar Rzgar K. Rostam , Sozan Abdullah Mahmood

Foundation models (FMs), large neural networks pretrained on extensive and diverse datasets, have revolutionized artificial intelligence and shown significant promise in medical imaging by enabling robust performance with limited labeled…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Salah Ghamizi , Georgia Kanli , Yu Deng , Magali Perquin , Olivier Keunen

Brain signals constitute the information that are processed by millions of brain neurons (nerve cells and brain cells). These brain signals can be recorded and analyzed using various of non-invasive techniques such as the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-13 Almabrok Essa , Hari Kotte

Time-series foundation models excel at tasks like forecasting across diverse data types by leveraging informative waveform representations. Wearable sensing data, however, pose unique challenges due to their variability in patterns and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yunfei Luo , Yuliang Chen , Asif Salekin , Tauhidur Rahman

High-resolution neural datasets enable foundation models for the next generation of brain-computer interfaces and neurological treatments. The community requires rigorous benchmarks to discriminate between competing modeling approaches, yet…

Neurological disorders pose major global health challenges, driving advances in brain signal analysis. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring. However, dataset…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-24 Jiahe Li , Xin Chen , Fanqi Shen , Junru Chen , Yuxin Liu , Daoze Zhang , Zhizhang Yuan , Fang Zhao , Meng Li , Yang Yang

Brain network analysis is vital for understanding the neural interactions regarding brain structures and functions, and identifying potential biomarkers for clinical phenotypes. However, widely used brain signals such as Blood Oxygen Level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Kaiqiao Han , Yi Yang , Zijie Huang , Xuan Kan , Yang Yang , Ying Guo , Lifang He , Liang Zhan , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang , Carl Yang

We present Brain Harmony (BrainHarmonix), the first multimodal brain foundation model that unifies structural morphology and functional dynamics into compact 1D token representations. The model was pretrained on two of the largest…

The field of brainwave-based biometrics has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize user authentication through hands-free interaction, resistance to shoulder surfing, continuous authentication, and revocability. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Matin Fallahi , Patricia Arias-Cabarcos , Thorsten Strufe

This paper presents a comprehensive and quality collection of functional human brain network data for potential research in the intersection of neuroscience, machine learning, and graph analytics. Anatomical and functional MRI images have…

Electroencephalography (EEG) monitors ---by either intrusive or noninvasive electrodes--- time and frequency variations and spectral content of voltage fluctuations or waves, known as brain rhythms, which in some way uncover activity during…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-13 Javier A. Galadí , Joaquín J. Torres , J. Marro

Brain foundation models (BFMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational neuroscience, offering a revolutionary framework for processing diverse neural signals across different brain-related tasks. These models leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xinliang Zhou , Chenyu Liu , Zhisheng Chen , Kun Wang , Yi Ding , Ziyu Jia , Qingsong Wen

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain electrical activity, widely used in brain-computer interface (BCI) and healthcare. Recent EEG foundation models trained on large-scale datasets have shown improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yi Ding , Muyun Jiang , Weibang Jiang , Shuailei Zhang , Xinliang Zhou , Chenyu Liu , Shanglin Li , Yong Li , Cuntai Guan

Thanks to novel, powerful brain activity recording techniques, we can create data-driven models from thousands of recording channels and large portions of the cortex, which can improve our understanding of brain-states neuromodulation and…

A central challenge in the computational modeling of neural dynamics is the trade-off between accuracy and simplicity. At the level of individual neurons, nonlinear dynamics are both experimentally established and essential for neuronal…

Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) offer a safe and accessible means of connecting the human brain to external devices, with broad applications in home and clinical settings to enhance human capabilities. However, the high noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiamin Wu , Zichen Ren , Junyu Wang , Pengyu Zhu , Yonghao Song , Mianxin Liu , Qihao Zheng , Lei Bai , Wanli Ouyang , Chunfeng Song
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