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Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique enabling cortical and deep brain targeting with unprecedented spatial accuracy. Given the high rate of adoption by new users with varying…

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging technology for non-invasive brain stimulation. The International Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation Safety and Standards consortium (ITRUSST) has established consensus on…

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Tulika Nandi , Benjamin R. Kop , Kim Butts Pauly , Charlotte J. Stagg , Lennart Verhagen

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) has the potential to usher in a new era for human neuroscience by allowing spatially precise and high-resolution non-invasive targeting of both deep and superficial brain regions. Currently,…

Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is rapidly emerging as a transformative non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) modality characterized by high spatial resolution and ability to target deep brain circuits. Unlike…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-02 William J. Tyler

Identifying what aspects of brain activity are responsible for conscious perception remains one of the most challenging problems in science. While progress has been made through psychophysical studies employing EEG and fMRI, research would…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Daniel K. Freeman , Brian Odegaard , Seung-Schik Yoo , Matthias Michel

Low-intensity focused transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) offers unique depth and precision in non-invasive brain stimulation. Effective administration of TUS, however, requires precise placement of transducers to ensure selective…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Maximilian Lueckel , Suhas Vijayakumar , Til Ole Bergmann

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging form of non-surgical human neuromodulation that confers advantages over existing electro and electromagnetic technologies by providing a superior spatial resolution on the millimeter…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-02 Leo Ai , Jerel K. Mueller , Andrea Grant , Yigitcan Eryaman , Wynn Legon

Objective. While ultrasound is largely established for use in diagnostic imaging and heating therapies, its application for neuromodulation is relatively new and not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-09 Jerel K. Mueller , Wynn Legon , William J. Tyler

Computational models of acoustic wave propagation are frequently used in transcranial ultrasound therapy, for example, to calculate the intracranial pressure field or to calculate phase delays to correct for skull distortions. To allow…

Transcranial ultrasound is more and more used for therapy and imaging of the brain. However, the skull is a highly attenuating and aberrating medium, with different structures and acoustic properties between samples and even within a…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Celestine Angla , Benoit Larrat , Jean-Luc Gennisson , Sylvain Chatillon

Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) experiments that rely on repeated sampling of resonance curves are inherently sensitive to measurement protocol due to evolution of material parameters caused by fast and slow dynamic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Jan Kober , Radovan Zeman , Marco Scalerandi

Background: Trans-spinal FUS (tsFUS) has recently been shown promise in modulating spinal reflexes in rodents, opening new avenues for spinal cord interventions in motor control and pain management. However, anatomical differences between…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Koharu Isomura , Wenwei Yu , Jose Gomez-Tames

Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) has emerged as a promising tool in clinical and research settings due to its potential to modulate neuronal activity, open the blood-brain barrier, facilitate targeted drug delivery via nanoparticles, and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Kasra Naftchi-Ardebili , Karanpartap Singh , Gerald R. Popelka , Kim Butts Pauly

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (TUS) holds promise for non-invasive neural modulation in treating neurological disorders. Most clinically relevant targets are deep within the brain (near or at its geometric center), surrounded…

Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive technique for therapy and study of brain neural activation. Here we report on the design and characterization of a new MR-guided FUS transducer for neuromodulation in non-human…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Vandiver Chaplin , Marshal A. Phipps , Charles F. Caskey

Background: Individual skull models of bone density and geometry are important when planning the expected transcranial ultrasound acoustic field and estimating mechanical and thermal safety in low-intensity transcranial ultrasound…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-30 Jose Gomez-Tames , Ilkka Laakso , Akimasa Hirata

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging modality for non-invasive brain stimulation and therapeutic intervention, offering millimeter-scale spatial precision and the ability to target deep brain structures. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vinkle Srivastav , Juliette Puel , Jonathan Vappou , Elijah Van Houten , Paolo Cabras , Nicolas Padoy

In this article, we design a novel Transcranial Electrical Stimulator for medical applications, which is very cheap and can produce the desired signals very accurately. Our fabricated stimulator generates all current signals related to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-10 HoseinAli Jafari , Mohammad Bagher Heydari , Niloofar Jafari , Hamid Mirhosseini
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