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Neural message passing is a basic feature extraction unit for graph-structured data considering neighboring node features in network propagation from one layer to the next. We model such process by an interacting particle system with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yuelin Wang , Kai Yi , Xinliang Liu , Yu Guang Wang , Shi Jin

Equivariance encodes known symmetries into neural networks, often enhancing generalization. However, equivariant networks cannot break symmetries: the output of an equivariant network must, by definition, have at least the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Hannah Lawrence , Vasco Portilheiro , Yan Zhang , Sékou-Oumar Kaba

We present GPS++, a hybrid Message Passing Neural Network / Graph Transformer model for molecular property prediction. Our model integrates a well-tuned local message passing component and biased global attention with other key ideas from…

Modern computer vision architectures, from CNNs to Transformers, predominantly rely on the stacking of heuristic modules: spatial mixers (Attention/Conv) followed by channel mixers (FFNs). In this work, we challenge this paradigm by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhongping Ji

Partial differential equations (PDEs) see widespread use in sciences and engineering to describe simulation of physical processes as scalar and vector fields interacting and coevolving over time. Due to the computationally expensive nature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Johannes Brandstetter , Rianne van den Berg , Max Welling , Jayesh K. Gupta

I apply the algebraic framework introduced in arXiv:1101.4542v3[math.MG] to Minkowski (pseudo-Euclidean) spaces in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions. The exposition follows the template established in arXiv:1307.2917[math.MG] for Euclidean spaces. The…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-07-19 Andrey Sokolov

Steerable convolutional neural networks (SCNNs) enhance task performance by modelling geometric symmetries through equivariance constraints on weights. Yet, unknown or varying symmetries can lead to overconstrained weights and decreased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Lars Veefkind , Gabriele Cesa

We develop a theory of category-equivariant neural networks (CENNs) that unifies group/groupoid-equivariant networks, poset/lattice-equivariant networks, graph and sheaf neural networks. Equivariance is formulated as naturality in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yoshihiro Maruyama

We use our Clifford algebra technique, that is nilpotents and projectors which are binomials of the Clifford algebra objects $\gamma^a$ with the property $\{\gamma^a,\gamma^b\}_+ = 2 \eta^{ab}$, for representing quantum gates and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Gregoric , N. S. Mankoc Borstnik

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great power in various domains. However, their predictions may inherit societal biases on sensitive attributes, limiting their adoption in real-world applications. Although many efforts have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Huaisheng Zhu , Guoji Fu , Zhimeng Guo , Zhiwei Zhang , Teng Xiao , Suhang Wang

Equivariant neural networks provide a principled framework for incorporating symmetry into learning architectures and have been extensively analyzed through the lens of their separation power, that is, the ability to distinguish inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Marco Pacini , Gabriele Santin , Bruno Lepri , Shubhendu Trivedi

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in graph learning and most architectures propagate information by passing messages between vertices. In this work, we shift our attention to GNNs that perform message passing on edges and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Pablo Barceló , Fabian Jogl , Alexander Kozachinskiy , Matthias Lanzinger , Stefan Neumann , Cristóbal Rojas

Equivariant machine learning is an approach for designing deep learning models that respect the symmetries of the problem, with the aim of reducing model complexity and improving generalization. In this paper, we focus on an extension of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ya-Wei Eileen Lin , Ronen Talmon , Ron Levie

Last decade has seen the emergence of numerous methods for learning on graphs, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). These methods, however, are often not directly applicable to more complex structures like bipartite graphs (equivalent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Pavel Procházka , Marek Dědič , Lukáš Bajer

Message passing-based graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in many real-world applications. For a sampled mini-batch of target nodes, the message passing process is divided into two parts: message passing between nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zhihao Shi , Jie Wang , Zhiwei Zhuang , Xize Liang , Bin Li , Feng Wu

Equivariance of linear neural network layers is well studied. In this work, we relax the equivariance condition to only be true in a projective sense. We propose a way to construct a projectively equivariant neural network through building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Georg Bökman , Axel Flinth , Fredrik Kahl

Group theory has been used in machine learning to provide a theoretically grounded approach for incorporating known symmetry transformations in tasks from robotics to protein modeling. In these applications, equivariant neural networks use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Lucas Laird , Circe Hsu , Asilata Bapat , Robin Walters

In this work we develop a new method, named Sub-graph Permutation Equivariant Networks (SPEN), which provides a framework for building graph neural networks that operate on sub-graphs, while using a base update function that is permutation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Joshua Mitton , Roderick Murray-Smith

In the era of telecommunications, the increasing demand for complex and specialized communication systems has led to a focus on improving physical layer communications. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution avenue…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Arwin Gansekoele , Sandjai Bhulai , Mark Hoogendoorn , Rob van der Mei

Many learning tasks, including learning potential energy surfaces from ab initio calculations, involve global spatial symmetries and permutational symmetry between atoms or general particles. Equivariant graph neural networks are a standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zimu Li , Zihan Pengmei , Han Zheng , Erik Thiede , Junyu Liu , Risi Kondor