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The blazar sequence is a scenario in which the bolometric luminosity of the blazar governs the appearance of its spectral energy distribution. The most prominent result is the significant negative correlation between the synchrotron peak…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Nieppola , E. Valtaoja , M. Tornikoski , T. Hovatta , M. Kotiranta

Blazars' non-thermal emission shows rapid variability across all wavelengths, so spectral energy distributions (SEDs) built from quasi-simultaneous data are crucial for revealing the jets physical properties. In this work, we construct…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Yi Zhong , Zhujian Wan , Rui Xue , Hubing Xiao , Dingrong Xiong , Ze-Rui Wang

The blazar sequence is reflected in a correlation of the peak luminosity versus peak frequency of the synchrotron component of blazars. This correlation has been considered one of the fundamental pieces of evidence for the existence of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-01-28 Justin D. Finke

We study the quasi-simultaneous Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) of 48 LBAS blazars, collected within three months of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS) data taking period, combining Fermi and Swift data with radio NIR-Optical and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-12-21 S. Raino' , E. Cavazzuti , S. Colafrancesco , P. Giommi , A. Tramacere , the Fermi-LAT Collaboration

The overall spectra (SED) of blazars, from radio to gamma-ray energies, seem to obey well defined trends, with a continuity of properties between blazars of different classes. To quantify this statement we can either investigate their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gabriele Ghisellini

Blazars, a highly energetic subclass of jetted active galactic nuclei, show a broad band spectral energy distribution (SED) with two bumps, resulting from non-thermal jet emission. In 1998, an anticorrelation between the SED luminosity and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-24 I. Viale , E. Prandini , C. Righi , F. Bovolon , N. Sahakyan

We combined multi-wavelength data for blazars from the Roma-BZCAT catalog and analyzed hundreds of X-ray spectra. We present the fluxes and Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs), in 12 frequency bands from radio to $\gamma$-rays, for a final…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-17 Peiyuan Mao , C. Megan Urry , Francesco Massaro , Alessandro Paggi , Joe Cauteruccio , Soren R. Künzel

Does the "blazar sequence" exist, or is it a result of a selection effect, due to the difficulty in measuring the redshifts of blazars with both high synchrotron peak frequencies (\gtrsim 10^{15} Hz) and luminosities (\gtrsim 10^{46} erg…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Justin Finke

We analyse a group of radio sources, a subset of the 200 mJy sample, all of which have core-jet radio structures measured with VLBI and have flat spectra stretching from the radio to the millimetre/sub-millimetre band. Thus the objects have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Anton , I. W. A. Browne

We compile from literature the broadband SEDs of twelve TeV blazars observed simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously with Fermi/LAT and other instruments. Two SEDs are available for each of the objects and the state is identified as a low or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Jin Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , En-Wei Liang

We present the results of our study of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of a sample of ten low- to intermediate-synchrotron-peaked blazars. We investigate some of the physical parameters most likely responsible for the observed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Bindu Rani , Alok C. Gupta , R. Bachev , A. Strigachev , E. Semkov , F. D'Ammando , P. J. Wiita , M. A. Gurwell , E. Ovcharov , B. Mihov , S. Boeva , S. Peneva

The SED of blazars show significant curvature. In this paper, we study the curvature properties for a large sample of Fermi/LAT bright blazars based on quasi-simultaneous SED. Both SEDs of synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) components are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 Liang Chen

The broadband SEDs of blazars exhibit two broad spectral components, which in leptonic emission models are attributed to synchrotron radiation and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) radiation of relativistic electrons. During high state phases,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Michael Zacharias , Reinhard Schlickeiser

The strong variability of blazars can be characterized by power spectral densities (PSDs) and Fourier frequency-dependent time lags. In previous work, we created a new theoretical formalism for describing the PSDs and time lags produced via…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-19 Justin D. Finke , Peter A. Becker

The phenomenology of gamma-ray bright blazars can be accounted for by a sequence in the source power and intensity of the diffuse radiation field surrounding the relativistic jet. Correspondingly, the equilibrium particle distribution peaks…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 G. Ghisellini , A. Celotti , G. Fossati , L. Maraschi , A. Comastri

Blazars host the most powerful persistent relativistic conical jet -- a highly collimated anisotropic flow of material/plasma. Motivated by this, we explore the blazar's broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) in an anisotropic flow of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-14 Nagendra Kumar , Pankaj Kushwaha

In the context of modeling spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for blazars, we extend the method that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to include external inverse Compton processes. The model assumes that relativistic electrons…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-13 N. Sahakyan , D. Bégué , A. Casotto , H. Dereli-Bégué , P. Giommi , S. Gasparyan , V. Vardanyan , M. Khachatryan , A. Pe'er

We investigate the evolution of spectral energy distribution (SED) and underlying electron energy distribution (EED) by modeling the nearly simultaneous broadband spectra of selected bright 4FGL blazars, in the context of a combined cooling…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-04 Muhammad S. Anjum , Shu-Jin Hou , Liang Chen , Zhigang Li , Minfeng Gu

We propose a scenario where blazars are classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), BL Lacs, low synchrotron, or high synchrotron peaked objects according to a varying mix of the Doppler boosted radiation from the jet, the emission…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 P. Giommi , P. Padovani , G. Polenta , S. Turriziani , V. D'Elia , S. Piranomonte

We examine the scenario that the Doppler factor determines the observational differences of blazars in this paper. Significantly negative correlations are found between the observational synchrotron peak frequency and the Doppler factor.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-09 Xu-Liang Fan , Jin-Ming Bai , Jirong Mao
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