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The advantage of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in learning dependencies between time-series data has distinguished RNNs from other deep learning models. Recently, many advances are proposed in this emerging field. However, there is a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Hojjat Salehinejad

Successful applications of reinforcement learning in real-world problems often require dealing with partially observable states. It is in general very challenging to construct and infer hidden states as they often depend on the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Xiujun Li , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Xiaodong He , Jianshu Chen , Li Deng , Ji He

We introduce a novel class of untrained Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) within the Reservoir Computing (RC) paradigm, called Residual Reservoir Memory Networks (ResRMNs). ResRMN combines a linear memory reservoir with a non-linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Matteo Pinna , Andrea Ceni , Claudio Gallicchio

Solving partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), primarily due to the curse of dimensionality induced by the non-stationarity of optimal policies. In this work,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz

Recurrent neural network (RNN) based reinforcement learning (RL) is used for learning context-dependent tasks and has also attracted attention as a method with remarkable learning performance in recent research. However, RNN-based RL has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Toshitaka Matsuki

Recurrent neural networks can learn complex transduction problems that require maintaining and actively exploiting a memory of their inputs. Such models traditionally consider memory and input-output functionalities indissolubly entangled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Davide Bacciu , Antonio Carta , Alessandro Sperduti

Training RNNs to learn long-term dependencies is difficult due to vanishing gradients. We explore an alternative solution based on explicit memorization using linear autoencoders for sequences, which allows to maximize the short-term memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Antonio Carta , Alessandro Sperduti , Davide Bacciu

Sequential decision making, commonly formalized as Markov Decision Process (MDP) optimization, is a important challenge in artificial intelligence. Two key approaches to this problem are reinforcement learning (RL) and planning. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Thomas M. Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M. Jonker

General-purpose, intelligent, learning agents cycle through sequences of observations, actions, and rewards that are complex, uncertain, unknown, and non-Markovian. On the other hand, reinforcement learning is well-developed for small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-12-30 Marcus Hutter

In recent years, model-free methods that use deep learning have achieved great success in many different reinforcement learning environments. Most successful approaches focus on solving a single task, while multi-task reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Asier Mujika

Deep neural networks have shown superior performance in many regimes to remember familiar patterns with large amounts of data. However, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm is still limited when facing the need to learn new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Jing Shi , Jiaming Xu , Yiqun Yao , Bo Xu

Neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are widely recognized as the standard for modeling physical mechanisms, which help to perform approximate inference in unknown physical or biological environments. In partially observable (PO)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xuanle Zhao , Duzhen Zhang , Liyuan Han , Tielin Zhang , Bo Xu

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) offer fast inference on long sequences but are hard to optimize and slow to train. Deep state-space models (SSMs) have recently been shown to perform remarkably well on long sequence modeling tasks, and have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Antonio Orvieto , Samuel L Smith , Albert Gu , Anushan Fernando , Caglar Gulcehre , Razvan Pascanu , Soham De

The presented work demonstrates the training of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) from distributions of atom coordinates in solid state structures that were obtained using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. AIMD simulations on…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-09-27 Mohammad Javad Eslamibidgoli , Mehrdad Mokhtari , Michael H. Eikerling

Tasks in which rewards depend upon past information not available in the current observation set can only be solved by agents that are equipped with short-term memory. Usual choices for memory modules include trainable recurrent hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kevin McKee

The pre-trained foundation models (PFMs) have become essential for facilitating large-scale multimodal learning. Researchers have effectively employed the ``pre-train, prompt, and predict'' paradigm through prompt learning to induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiang Chen , Yixin Ou , Quan Feng , Lei Li , Piji Li , Haibo Ye , Sheng-Jun Huang , Shuofei Qiao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Recurrent neural networks have been the dominant models for many speech and language processing tasks. However, we understand little about the behavior and the class of functions recurrent networks can realize. Moreover, the heuristics used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Hao Tang , James Glass

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are capable of learning features and long term dependencies from sequential and time-series data. The RNNs have a stack of non-linear units where at least one connection between units forms a directed cycle.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Hojjat Salehinejad , Sharan Sankar , Joseph Barfett , Errol Colak , Shahrokh Valaee

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are powerful models for sequential data that have the potential to learn long-term dependencies. However, they are computationally expensive to train and difficult to parallelize. Recent work has shown that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-07 César Laurent , Gabriel Pereyra , Philémon Brakel , Ying Zhang , Yoshua Bengio

We present two elegant solutions for modeling continuous-time dynamics, in a novel model-based reinforcement learning (RL) framework for semi-Markov decision processes (SMDPs), using neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Our models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jianzhun Du , Joseph Futoma , Finale Doshi-Velez