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Speech emotion recognition (SER) with audio-language models (ALMs) remains vulnerable to distribution shifts at test time, leading to performance degradation in out-of-domain scenarios. Test-time adaptation (TTA) provides a promising…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiacheng Shi , Hongfei Du , Y. Alicia Hong , Ye Gao

Traditional test-time adaptation (TTA) methods face significant challenges in adapting to dynamic environments characterized by continuously changing long-term target distributions. These challenges primarily stem from two factors:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Fahim Faisal Niloy , Sk Miraj Ahmed , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Samet Oymak , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

We present Point-TTA, a novel test-time adaptation framework for point cloud registration (PCR) that improves the generalization and the performance of registration models. While learning-based approaches have achieved impressive progress,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ahmed Hatem , Yiming Qian , Yang Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Test-time adaptation approaches have recently emerged as a practical solution for handling domain shift without access to the source domain data. In this paper, we propose and explore a new multi-modal extension of test-time adaptation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Inkyu Shin , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Bingbing Zhuang , Samuel Schulter , Buyu Liu , Sparsh Garg , In So Kweon , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing the generalizability of models. However, existing mainstream TTA methods, predominantly operating at batch level, often exhibit suboptimal performance in complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Teng Xiao , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Entropy minimization (EM) is frequently used to increase the accuracy of classification models when they're faced with new data at test time. EM is a self-supervised learning method that optimizes classifiers to assign even higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Ori Press , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Yann LeCun , Matthias Bethge

Continual Test Time Adaptation (CTTA) has emerged as a critical approach for bridging the domain gap between the controlled training environments and the real-world scenarios, enhancing model adaptability and robustness. Existing CTTA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hyewon Park , Hyejin Park , Jueun Ko , Dongbo Min

Deploying deep models in real-world scenarios remains challenging due to significant performance drops under distribution shifts between training and deployment environments. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has recently emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zixian Su , Jingwei Guo , Xi Yang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang

Variations in Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and acquisition protocols cause distribution shifts that degrade reconstruction performance on unseen data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a promising solution to address this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Lipei Zhang , Rui Sun , Zhongying Deng , Yanqi Cheng , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Angelica I Aviles-Rivero

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification models are highly sensitive to distribution shifts caused by real-world degradations such as noise, blur, compression, and atmospheric effects. To address this challenge, we propose HyperTTA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xia Yue , Anfeng Liu , Ning Chen , Chenjia Huang , Hui Liu , Zhou Huang , Leyuan Fang

Test-time alignment (TTA) aims to adapt models to specific rewards during inference. However, existing methods tend to either under-optimise or over-optimise (reward hack) the target reward function. We propose Null-Text Test-Time Alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Taehoon Kim , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales

Test-time Adaptation (TTA) poses a challenge, requiring models to dynamically adapt and perform optimally on shifting target domains. This task is particularly emphasized in real-world driving scenes, where weather domain shifts occur…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dongjae Jeon , Taeheon Kim , Seongwon Cho , Minhyuk Seo , Jonghyun Choi

Models capable of leveraging unlabelled data are crucial in overcoming large distribution gaps between the acquired datasets across different imaging devices and configurations. In this regard, self-training techniques based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Negin Ghamsarian , Javier Gamazo Tejero , Pablo Márquez Neila , Sebastian Wolf , Martin Zinkernagel , Klaus Schoeffmann , Raphael Sznitman

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has demonstrated significant potential in addressing distribution shifts between training and testing data. Open-set test-time adaptation (OSTTA) aims to adapt a source pre-trained model online to an unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hao Dong , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising solution to address performance decay due to unforeseen distribution shifts between training and test data. While recent TTA methods excel in adapting to test data variations, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hyejin Park , Jeongyeon Hwang , Sunung Mun , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Mainstream Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods for adapting vision-language models, e.g., CLIP, typically rely on Shannon Entropy (SE) at test time to measure prediction uncertainty and inconsistency. However, since CLIP has a built-in bias…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiangyu Wu , Dongming Jiang , Feng Yu , Yueying Tian , Jiaqi Tang , Qing-Guo Chen , Yang Yang , Jianfeng Lu

Convolutional neural networks trained on publicly available medical imaging datasets (source domain) rarely generalise to different scanners or acquisition protocols (target domain). This motivates the active field of domain adaptation.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-06 Thomas Varsavsky , Mauricio Orbes-Arteaga , Carole H. Sudre , Mark S. Graham , Parashkev Nachev , M. Jorge Cardoso

Test-time domain adaptation aims to adapt the model trained on source domains to unseen target domains using a few unlabeled images. Emerging research has shown that the label and domain information is separately embedded in the weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yanan Wu , Zhixiang Chi , Yang Wang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Songhe Feng

Increasingly advanced data augmentation techniques have greatly aided clinical medical research, increasing data diversity and improving model generalization capabilities. Although most current basic models exhibit strong generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yihong Yao , Chunlei Li , Canxuan Gang , Wenzhi Hu , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Zhang , Xiaoyan Li
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