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Iterative jailbreak methods that repeatedly rewrite and input prompts into large language models (LLMs) to induce harmful outputs -- using the model's previous responses to guide each new iteration -- have been found to be a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Zeerak Talat , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Model (LLM) applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

Capitalizing on the remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a burgeoning initiative to harness LLMs for instruction following robotic navigation. Such a trend underscores the potential of LLMs to generalize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Gengze Zhou , Yicong Hong , Zun Wang , Xin Eric Wang , Qi Wu

In this study, we propose a homotopy-inspired prompt obfuscation framework to enhance understanding of security and safety vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). By systematically applying carefully engineered prompts, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Luis Lazo , Hamed Jelodar , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in a wide range of real-world applications. Despite their impressive performance, recent studies have shown that LLMs are vulnerable to deliberately crafted adversarial prompts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Ye Zhang , Jun Sun

Over the last year, significant advancements have been made in the realms of large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), particularly in their application to autonomous driving. These models have showcased…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Marco Fahmi , Yue Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and its competitors have caused a revolution in natural language processing, but their capabilities also introduce new security vulnerabilities. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung

The overwhelming success of GPT-4 in early 2023 highlighted the transformative potential of large language models (LLMs) across various sectors, including national security. This article explores the implications of LLM integration within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 William N. Caballero , Phillip R. Jenkins

With the rapid development of technology and the acceleration of digitalisation, the frequency and complexity of cyber security threats are increasing. Traditional cybersecurity approaches, often based on static rules and predefined…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Shuang Tian , Tao Zhang , Jiqiang Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Xuangou Wu , Xiaoqiang Zhu , Ruichen Zhang , Weiting Zhang , Zhenhui Yuan , Shiwen Mao , Dong In Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in domains where labeled data is scarce or expensive, such as clinical domain. However, to unlock the clinical knowledge hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Mark Kelley , Alyssa Samolyk-Mazzanti , Shyam Visweswaran , Yanshan Wang

Autonomous vehicle navigation in complex environments such as dense and fast-moving highways and merging scenarios remains an active area of research. A key limitation of RL is its reliance on well-specified reward functions, which often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Timur Anvar , Jeffrey Chen , Yuyan Wang , Rohan Chandra

Despite advances in AI alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks or jailbreaking, in which adversaries can modify prompts to induce unwanted behavior. While some defenses have been proposed, they have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Andy Zhou , Bo Li , Haohan Wang

This paper presents a critical examination of the surprising efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in penetration testing. The paper thoroughly reviews the evolution of LLMs and their rapidly expanding capabilities which render them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

Software vulnerability detection is generally supported by automated static analysis tools, which have recently been reinforced by deep learning (DL) models. However, despite the superior performance of DL-based approaches over rule-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yanjing Yang , Xin Zhou , Runfeng Mao , Jinwei Xu , Lanxin Yang , Yu Zhangm , Haifeng Shen , He Zhang

The recent surge in jailbreaking attacks has revealed significant vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) when exposed to malicious inputs. While various defense strategies have been proposed to mitigate these threats, there has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tianlong Li , Zhenghua Wang , Wenhao Liu , Muling Wu , Shihan Dou , Changze Lv , Xiaohua Wang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) enable exciting LLM-integrated applications, which perform text-based tasks by utilizing their advanced language understanding capabilities. However, as LLMs have improved, so have the attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sizhe Chen , Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into many applications (e.g., web agents) to perform more sophisticated tasks. However, LLM-empowered applications are vulnerable to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yinan Zhong , Qianhao Miao , Yanjiao Chen , Jiangyi Deng , Yushi Cheng , Wenyuan Xu

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their robustness against malicious audio injection attacks remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates five leading LALMs across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Guanyu Hou , Jiaming He , Yinhang Zhou , Ji Guo , Yitong Qiao , Rui Zhang , Wenbo Jiang

As large language models are increasingly deployed in sensitive environments, fingerprinting attacks pose significant privacy and security risks. We present a study of LLM fingerprinting from both offensive and defensive perspectives. Our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Kevin Kurian , Ethan Holland , Sean Oesch