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It is well known that in a supervised classification setting when the number of features is smaller than the number of observations, Fisher's linear discriminant rule is asymptotically Bayes. However, there are numerous modern applications…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-09-17 Irina Gaynanova , James G. Booth , Martin T. Wells

Covariance matrix estimation is a fundamental statistical task in many applications, but the sample covariance matrix is sub-optimal when the sample size is comparable to or less than the number of features. Such high-dimensional settings…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-06 Huiqin Xin , Sihai Dave Zhao

Inverse problems constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) play a critical role in model development and calibration. In many applications, there are multiple uncertain parameters in a model that must be estimated. However, high…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Joseph Hart , Bart van Bloemen Waanders

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a traditional classification tool, suffers from limitations such as sensitivity to noise and computational challenges when dealing with non-invertible within-class scatter matrices. Traditional stepwise…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Siyu Wang , Kehui Yao

The development of computing has made credit scoring approaches possible, with various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques becoming more and more valuable. While complex models yield more accurate predictions, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Md Shihab Reza , Monirul Islam Mahmud , Ifti Azad Abeer , Nova Ahmed

Self-supervised contrastive learning is an effective approach for addressing the challenge of limited labelled data. This study builds upon the previously established two-stage patch-level, multi-label classification method for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Salma Haidar , José Oramas

Localizing more sources than sensors with a sparse linear array (SLA) has long relied on minimizing a distance between two covariance matrices and recent algorithms often utilize semidefinite programming (SDP). Although deep neural network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Kuan-Lin Chen , Bhaskar D. Rao

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data is widely-used for early detection of diseases. Classical LDA for EHR data classification, however, suffers from two handicaps: the ill-posed estimation of LDA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Haoyi Xiong , Wei Cheng , Wenqing Hu , Jiang Bian , Zhishan Guo

We introduce a new method of performing high dimensional discriminant analysis, which we call multiDA. We achieve this by constructing a hybrid model that seamlessly integrates a multiclass diagonal discriminant analysis model and feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-05 Sarah Elizabeth Romanes , John Thomas Ormerod , Jean YH Yang

In this paper we propose an approach for learning low dimensional optimized feature space with minimum intra-class variance and maximum inter-class variance. We address the problem of high-dimensionality of feature vectors extracted from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-31 Abin Jose , Erik Stefan Ottlik , Christian Rohlfing , Jens-Rainer Ohm

In a given classification task, the accuracy of the learner is often hampered by finiteness of the training set, high-dimensionality of the feature space and severe overlap between classes. In the context of interpretable learners, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Marco Canducci , Lida Abdi , Alessandro Prete , Roland J. Veen , Michael Biehl , Wiebke Arlt , Peter Tino

The increasing use of deep learning across various domains highlights the importance of understanding the decision-making processes of these black-box models. Recent research focusing on the decision boundaries of deep classifiers, relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Inês Gomes , Luís F. Teixeira , Jan N. van Rijn , Carlos Soares , André Restivo , Luís Cunha , Moisés Santos

To understand the dynamics of optimization in deep neural networks, we develop a tool to study the evolution of the entire Hessian spectrum throughout the optimization process. Using this, we study a number of hypotheses concerning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Behrooz Ghorbani , Shankar Krishnan , Ying Xiao

We propose a novel algorithm for supervised dimensionality reduction named Manifold Partition Discriminant Analysis (MPDA). It aims to find a linear embedding space where the within-class similarity is achieved along the direction that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Yang Zhou , Shiliang Sun

Binary classification with an imbalanced dataset is challenging. Models tend to consider all samples as belonging to the majority class. Although existing solutions such as sampling methods, cost-sensitive methods, and ensemble learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Hsin-Han Tsai , Ta-Wei Yang , Wai-Man Wong , Cheng-Fu Chou

The eigenvalue distribution of the Hessian matrix plays a crucial role in understanding the optimization landscape of deep neural networks. Prior work has attributed the well-documented ``bulk-and-spike'' spectral structure, where a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shenyang Deng , Boyao Liao , Zhuoli Ouyang , Tianyu Pang , Yaoqing Yang

Despite a lack of theoretical understanding, deep neural networks have achieved unparalleled performance in a wide range of applications. On the other hand, shallow representation learning with component analysis is associated with rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Calvin Murdock , Ming-Fang Chang , Simon Lucey

This paper considers a class of distributed bilevel optimization (DBO) problems with a coupled inner-level subproblem. Existing approaches typically rely on hypergradient estimations involving computationally expensive Hessian evaluation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Youcheng Niu , Jinming Xu , Ying Sun , Li Chai , Jiming Chen

In today's data driven world, storing, processing, and gleaning insights from large-scale data are major challenges. Data compression is often required in order to store large amounts of high-dimensional data, and thus, efficient inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-11 Denali Molitor , Deanna Needell

Intermediate features at different layers of a deep neural network are known to be discriminative for visual patterns of different complexities. However, most existing works ignore such cross-layer heterogeneities when classifying samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Xiaojie Jin , Yunpeng Chen , Jian Dong , Jiashi Feng , Shuicheng Yan