English
Related papers

Related papers: Transformers, parallel computation, and logarithmi…

200 papers

Memory is fundamental to intelligence, enabling learning, reasoning, and adaptability across biological and artificial systems. While Transformer architectures excel at sequence modeling, they face critical limitations in long-range context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Parsa Omidi , Xingshuai Huang , Axel Laborieux , Bahareh Nikpour , Tianyu Shi , Armaghan Eshaghi

Large language models have shown remarkable reasoning abilities and scaling laws suggest that large parameter count, especially along the depth axis, is the primary driver. In this work, we make a stronger claim -- many reasoning problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Nikunj Saunshi , Nishanth Dikkala , Zhiyuan Li , Sanjiv Kumar , Sashank J. Reddi

Scaling multi-dimensional transformers to long sequences is indispensable across various domains. However, the challenges of large memory requirements and slow speeds of such sequences necessitate sequence parallelism. All existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xuanlei Zhao , Shenggan Cheng , Chang Chen , Zangwei Zheng , Ziming Liu , Zheming Yang , Yang You

The execution of graph algorithms using neural networks has recently attracted significant interest due to promising empirical progress. This motivates further understanding of how neural networks can replicate reasoning steps with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Artur Back de Luca , Kimon Fountoulakis

Transformers demonstrate significant advantages as the building block of modern LLMs. In this work, we study the capacities of Transformers in performing unsupervised learning. We show that multi-layered Transformers, given a sufficiently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-14 Yihan He , Yuan Cao , Hong-Yu Chen , Dennis Wu , Jianqing Fan , Han Liu

Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various domains of applications and gradually becomes the foundations of the advanced large deep learning (DL) models. However, how to train these models over multiple GPUs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Xupeng Miao , Yujie Wang , Youhe Jiang , Chunan Shi , Xiaonan Nie , Hailin Zhang , Bin Cui

Transformers have emerged as a widely used neural network model for various natural language processing tasks. Previous research explored their relationship with constant-depth threshold circuits, making two assumptions: average-hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Lena Strobl

Analogy is a central faculty of human intelligence, enabling abstract patterns discovered in one domain to be applied to another. Despite its central role in cognition, the mechanisms by which Transformers acquire and implement analogical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gouki Minegishi , Jingyuan Feng , Hiroki Furuta , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

We demonstrate that transformers obtain impressive performance even when some of the layers are randomly initialized and never updated. Inspired by old and well-established ideas in machine learning, we explore a variety of non-linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sheng Shen , Alexei Baevski , Ari S. Morcos , Kurt Keutzer , Michael Auli , Douwe Kiela

The Transformer model has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many sequence modeling tasks. However, how to leverage model capacity with large or variable depths is still an open challenge. We present a probabilistic framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Xian Li , Asa Cooper Stickland , Yuqing Tang , Xiang Kong

We analyse the computational power of transformer encoders as sequence-to-sequence functions on vectors. We show that average hard attention can be used to simulate arithmetic circuits if they are given as an input to an encoder. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Lena Ehrmuth , Laura Strieker

This paper takes a parallel learning approach for robust and transparent AI. A deep neural network is trained in parallel on multiple tasks, where each task is trained only on a subset of the network resources. Each subset consists of…

Transformers deliver outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and are now a dominant backbone architecture for large language models (LLMs). Their task-solving performance is improved by increasing parameter size, as shown in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Ying Zhang , Jingun Kwon , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Manabu Okumura , Taro Watanabe

Transformers are built upon multi-head scaled dot-product attention and positional encoding, which aim to learn the feature representations and token dependencies. In this work, we focus on enhancing the distinctive representation by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Litao Yu , Jian Zhang

Transformers have emerged as the cornerstone of state-of-the-art natural language processing models, showcasing exceptional performance across a wide range of AI applications. However, the memory demands posed by the self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hao Liu , Pieter Abbeel

In both Computer Vision and the wider Deep Learning field, the Transformer architecture is well-established as state-of-the-art for many applications. For Multitask Learning, however, where there may be many more queries necessary compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Christian Bohn , Thomas Kurbiel , Klaus Friedrichs , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

Standard Transformers excel at semantic modeling but struggle with rigid sequential logic and state tracking. Theoretical work establishes that self-attention is limited to $\AC^0$ (under hard attention) or $\TC^0$ (under soft attention),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mehryar Mohri

Large language models (LLMs) face inherent performance bottlenecks under parameter constraints, particularly in processing critical tokens that demand complex reasoning. Empirical analysis reveals challenging tokens induce abrupt gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yilong Chen , Junyuan Shang , Zhenyu Zhang , Yanxi Xie , Jiawei Sheng , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) in large-cluster computing environments is increasingly necessary, as networks grow in size and complexity. Local memory and processing limitations require robust data and model parallelism for crossing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Russell J. Hewett , Thomas J. Grady

The ability to leverage large-scale hardware parallelism has been one of the key enablers of the accelerated recent progress in machine learning. Consequently, there has been considerable effort invested into developing efficient parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Vitaly Aksenov , Dan Alistarh , Janne H. Korhonen