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Many activation functions have been proposed in the past, but selecting an adequate one requires trial and error. We propose a new methodology of designing activation functions within a neural network at each layer. We call this technique…
The most widely used activation functions in current deep feed-forward neural networks are rectified linear units (ReLU), and many alternatives have been successfully applied, as well. However, none of the alternatives have managed to…
In Neural Networks (NN), Adaptive Activation Functions (AAF) have parameters that control the shapes of activation functions. These parameters are trained along with other parameters in the NN. AAFs have improved performance of Neural…
In this paper, we propose a new super-expressive activation function called the Parametric Elementary Universal Activation Function (PEUAF). We demonstrate the effectiveness of PEUAF through systematic and comprehensive experiments on…
Connections between nodes of fully connected neural networks are usually represented by weight matrices. In this article, functional transfer matrices are introduced as alternatives to the weight matrices: Instead of using real weights, a…
Neural networks are generally built by interleaving (adaptable) linear layers with (fixed) nonlinear activation functions. To increase their flexibility, several authors have proposed methods for adapting the activation functions…
We present a unified representation of the most popular neural network activation functions. Adopting Mittag-Leffler functions of fractional calculus, we propose a flexible and compact functional form that is able to interpolate between…
In the architecture of deep learning models, inspired by biological neurons, activation functions (AFs) play a pivotal role. They significantly influence the performance of artificial neural networks. By modulating the non-linear properties…
Activation functions (AFs) play a pivotal role in the performance of neural networks. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is currently the most commonly used AF. Several replacements to ReLU have been suggested but improvements have proven…
The design of activation functions is a growing research area in the field of neural networks. In particular, instead of using fixed point-wise functions (e.g., the rectified linear unit), several authors have proposed ways of learning…
This work connects models for virus spread on networks with their equivalent neural network representations. Based on this connection, we propose a new neural network architecture, called Transmission Neural Networks (TransNNs) where…
Learning automatically the best activation function for the task is an active topic in neural network research. At the moment, despite promising results, it is still difficult to determine a method for learning an activation function that…
Activation functions play a central role in neural networks by shaping internal representations. Recently, learning binary activation representations has attracted significant attention due to their advantages in computational and memory…
Despite broad interest in applying deep learning techniques to scientific discovery, learning interpretable formulas that accurately describe scientific data is very challenging because of the vast landscape of possible functions and the…
The brain can be regarded as a network: a connected system where nodes, or units, represent different specialized regions and links, or connections, represent communication pathways. From a functional perspective communication is coded by…
A pivotal aspect in the design of neural networks lies in selecting activation functions, crucial for introducing nonlinear structures that capture intricate input-output patterns. While the effectiveness of adaptive or trainable activation…
The training process of neural networks usually optimize weights and bias parameters of linear transformations, while nonlinear activation functions are pre-specified and fixed. This work develops a systematic approach to constructing…
This work presents an adaptive activation method for neural networks that exploits the interdependency of features. Each pixel, node, and layer is assigned with a polynomial activation function, whose coefficients are provided by an…
Activation functions and attention mechanisms are typically treated as having different purposes and have evolved differently. However, both concepts can be formulated as a non-linear gating function. Inspired by their similarity, we…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely applied. But as the CNNs grow, the number of arithmetic operations and memory footprint also increase. Furthermore, typical non-linear activation functions do not allow associativity of…