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Test-time adaption (TTA) has witnessed important progress in recent years, the prevailing methods typically first encode the image and the text and design strategies to model the association between them. Meanwhile, the image encoder is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yaxiong Wang , Zhenqiang Zhang , Lechao Cheng , Zhun Zhong , Dan Guo , Meng Wang

Encountering shifted data at test time is a ubiquitous challenge when deploying predictive models. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods address this issue by continuously adapting a deployed model using only unlabeled test data. While TTA can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mona Schirmer , Metod Jazbec , Christian A. Naesseth , Eric Nalisnick

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Medical image segmentation is critical for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring, yet segmentation models often struggle with uncertainties stemming from occlusions, ambiguous boundaries, and variations in imaging devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Xiao Ma , Yuhui Tao , Zetian Zhang , Yuhan Zhang , Xi Wang , Sheng Zhang , Zexuan Ji , Yizhe Zhang , Qiang Chen , Guang Yang

Domain shift is a common problem in the realistic world, where training data and test data follow different data distributions. To deal with this problem, fully test-time adaptation (TTA) leverages the unlabeled data encountered during test…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Guoliang Lin , Hanjiang Lai , Yan Pan , Jian Yin

Recently, test time adaptation (TTA) has attracted increasing attention due to its power of handling the distribution shift issue in the real world. Unlike what has been developed for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image data, TTA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Guanzi Chen , Jiying Zhang , Xi Xiao , Yang Li

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in a variety of computer vision applications. However, there is a problem of degrading accuracy when the data distribution shifts between training and testing. As a solution of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Shohei Enomoto , Naoya Hasegawa , Kazuki Adachi , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Satoshi Suzuki , Takeharu Eda

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has shown to be effective at tackling distribution shifts between training and testing data by adapting a given model on test samples. However, the online model updating of TTA may be unstable and this is often a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Shuaicheng Niu , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Zhiquan Wen , Yaofo Chen , Peilin Zhao , Mingkui Tan

On-device adapting to continual, unpredictable domain shifts is essential for mobile applications like autonomous driving and augmented reality to deliver seamless user experiences in evolving environments. Test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Cheng Fang , Sicong Liu , Zimu Zhou , Bin Guo , Jiaqi Tang , Ke Ma , Zhiwen Yu

Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Damian Sójka , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm to handle the domain shifts at test time for medical images from different institutions without using extra training data. However, existing TTA solutions for segmentation tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Chuyan Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xin You , Yefeng Zheng , Yun Gu

Deep neural networks demonstrate strong performance under aligned training-test distributions. However, real-world test data often exhibit domain shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this challenge by adapting the model to test data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Byung-Joon Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jee-Hyong Lee

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a crucial solution to the domain shift challenge, wherein the target environment diverges from the original training environment. A prime exemplification is TTA for Automatic Speech Recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Eunseop Yoon , Hee Suk Yoon , John Harvill , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Chang D. Yoo

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer energy efficiency over artificial neural networks (ANNs) but suffer from high latency and computational overhead due to their multi-timestep operational nature. While various dynamic computation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Donghwa Kang , Doohyun Kim , Sang-Ki Ko , Jinkyu Lee , Brent ByungHoon Kang , Hyeongboo Baek

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Most existing data-driven power system short-term voltage stability assessment (STVSA) approaches presume class-balanced input data. However, in practical applications, the occurrence of short-term voltage instability following a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-09 Yang Li , Jiting Cao , Yan Xu , Lipeng Zhu , Zhao Yang Dong

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts during testing by adapting a pretrained model without access to source data. In this work, we propose a novel TTA approach for 3D point cloud classification, combining sampling…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is crucial for mitigating performance degradation caused by distribution shifts in 3D point cloud classification. In this work, we introduce Token Purging (PG), a novel backpropagation-free approach that removes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Moslem Yazdanpanah , Ali Bahri , Mehrdad Noori , Sahar Dastani , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , David Osowiechi , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factuality but retrieving for every query often hurts quality while inflating tokens and latency. We propose Training-free Adaptive Retrieval Gating (TARG), a single-shot policy that decides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yufeng Wang , Lu wei , Haibin Ling

Real-world vision models in dynamic environments face rapid shifts in domain distributions, leading to decreased recognition performance. Using unlabeled test data, continuous test-time adaptation (CTTA) directly adjusts a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Yunhui Guo