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Image-based salient object detection (SOD) has been extensively explored in the past decades. However, SOD on 360$^\circ$ omnidirectional images is less studied owing to the lack of datasets with pixel-level annotations. Toward this end,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Jia Li , Jinming Su , Changqun Xia , Yonghong Tian

Omnidirectional images (ODIs) are commonly used in real-world visual tasks, and high-resolution ODIs help improve the performance of related visual tasks. Most existing super-resolution methods for ODIs use end-to-end learning strategies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Runyi Li , Xuhan Sheng , Weiqi Li , Jian Zhang

Omnidirectional image (ODI) data is captured with a field-of-view of 360x180, which is much wider than the pinhole cameras and captures richer surrounding environment details than the conventional perspective images. In recent years, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hao Ai , Zidong Cao , Lin Wang

$360^{\circ}$ omnidirectional images (ODIs) have gained considerable attention recently, and are widely used in various virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications. However, capturing such images is expensive and requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Liu Yang , Huiyu Duan , Yucheng Zhu , Xiaohong Liu , Lu Liu , Zitong Xu , Guangji Ma , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai , Patrick Le Callet

Recent work has shown that Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) can be used to upper-bound the information rate-distortion (R-D) function of images, i.e., the fundamental limit of lossy image compression. In this paper, we report an improved…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-07 Zhihao Duan , Jack Ma , Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Given the popularity of 360{\deg} images on social media platforms, 360{\deg} image compression becomes a critical technology for media storage and transmission. Conventional 360{\deg} image compression pipeline projects the spherical image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Jingwei Liao , Bo Chen , Klara Nahrstedt , Zhisheng Yan

In recent years, with the development of deep neural networks, end-to-end optimized image compression has made significant progress and exceeded the classic methods in terms of rate-distortion performance. However, most learning-based image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Meng Li , Shangyin Gao , Yihui Feng , Yibo Shi , Jing Wang

Viewing omnidirectional images (ODIs) in virtual reality (VR) represents a novel form of media that provides immersive experiences for users to navigate and interact with digital content. Nonetheless, this sense of immersion can be greatly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zidong Cao , Zhan Wang , Yexin Liu , Yan-Pei Cao , Ying Shan , Wei Zeng , Lin Wang

An omnidirectional image (ODI) enables viewers to look in every direction from a fixed point through a head-mounted display providing an immersive experience compared to that of a standard image. Designing immersive virtual reality systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Cagri Ozcinar , Aakanksha Rana , Aljosa Smolic

We present a new algorithm for video coding, learned end-to-end for the low-latency mode. In this setting, our approach outperforms all existing video codecs across nearly the entire bitrate range. To our knowledge, this is the first…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-20 Oren Rippel , Sanjay Nair , Carissa Lew , Steve Branson , Alexander G. Anderson , Lubomir Bourdev

Omnidirectional Videos (or 360{\deg} videos) are widely used in Virtual Reality (VR) to facilitate immersive and interactive viewing experiences. However, the limited spatial resolution in 360{\deg} videos does not allow for each degree of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Arbind Agrahari Baniya , Tsz-Kwan Lee , Peter W. Eklund , Sunil Aryal

In this paper, we propose a fast deep learning method for object saliency detection using convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify the input images based on the pixel-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-02 Hengyue Pan , Hui Jiang

Learned image compression has recently shown the potential to outperform the standard codecs. State-of-the-art rate-distortion (R-D) performance has been achieved by context-adaptive entropy coding approaches in which hyperprior and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-01 Mohammad Akbari , Jie Liang , Jingning Han , Chengjie Tu

Image-based salient object detection (ISOD) in 360{\deg} scenarios is significant for understanding and applying panoramic information. However, research on 360{\deg} ISOD has not been widely explored due to the lack of large, complex,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Junjie Wu , Changqun Xia , Tianshu Yu , Jia Li

The recent success of immersive applications is pushing the research community to define new approaches to process 360{\deg} images and videos and optimize their transmission. Among these, saliency estimation provides a powerful tool that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mahmoud Z. A. Wahba , Sara Baldoni , Federica Battisti

Even though rate-distortion optimization is a crucial part of traditional image and video compression, not many approaches exist which transfer this concept to end-to-end-trained image compression. Most frameworks contain static compression…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-06 Fabian Brand , Kristian Fischer , Alexander Kopte , André Kaup

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have seen widespread use in learned image compression. They are used to learn expressive latent representations on which downstream compression methods can operate with high efficiency. Recently proposed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Gergely Flamich , Marton Havasi , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Saliency prediction can be of great benefit for 360-degree image/video applications, including compression, streaming , rendering and viewpoint guidance. It is therefore quite natural to adapt the 2D saliency prediction methods for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-24 Ibrahim Djemai , Sid Fezza , Wassim Hamidouche , Olivier Deforges

Omnidirectional images (ODIs) have obtained lots of research interest for immersive experiences. Although ODIs require extremely high resolution to capture details of the entire scene, the resolutions of most ODIs are insufficient. Previous…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-10 Fanghua Yu , Xintao Wang , Mingdeng Cao , Gen Li , Ying Shan , Chao Dong

Automatic saliency prediction in 360{\deg} videos is critical for viewpoint guidance applications (e.g., Facebook 360 Guide). We propose a spatial-temporal network which is (1) weakly-supervised trained and (2) tailor-made for 360{\deg}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Hsien-Tzu Cheng , Chun-Hung Chao , Jin-Dong Dong , Hao-Kai Wen , Tyng-Luh Liu , Min Sun