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In this article we identify a general class of high-dimensional continuous functions that can be approximated by deep neural networks (DNNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation without the curse of dimensionality. In other…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Adrian Riekert

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

We derive the sampling properties of random networks based on weights whose pairwise products parameterize independent Bernoulli trials. This enables an understanding of many degree-based network models, in which the structure of realized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-07 Sofia C. Olhede , Patrick J. Wolfe

We study the sample complexity of learning one-hidden-layer convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with non-overlapping filters. We propose a novel algorithm called approximate gradient descent for training CNNs, and show that, with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

This paper studies the approximation capacity of ReLU neural networks with norm constraint on the weights. We prove upper and lower bounds on the approximation error of these networks for smooth function classes. The lower bound is derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yuling Jiao , Yang Wang , Yunfei Yang

Despite recent theoretical progress on the non-convex optimization of two-layer neural networks, it is still an open question whether gradient descent on neural networks without unnatural modifications can achieve better sample complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Arvind Mahankali , Jeff Z. Haochen , Kefan Dong , Margalit Glasgow , Tengyu Ma

We show that the error of iteratively magnitude-pruned networks empirically follows a scaling law with interpretable coefficients that depend on the architecture and task. We functionally approximate the error of the pruned networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jonathan S. Rosenfeld , Jonathan Frankle , Michael Carbin , Nir Shavit

We investigate the complexity of training a two-layer ReLU neural network with weight decay regularization. Previous research has shown that the optimal solution of this problem can be found by solving a standard cone-constrained convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yifei Wang , Mert Pilanci

LayerNorm is a critical component in modern large language models (LLMs) for stabilizing training and ensuring smooth optimization. However, it introduces significant challenges in mechanistic interpretability, outlier feature suppression,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Nandan Kumar Jha , Brandon Reagen

By replacing standard non-linearities with polynomial activations, Polynomial Neural Networks (PNNs) are pivotal for applications such as privacy-preserving inference via Homomorphic Encryption (HE). However, training PNNs effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Forsad Al Hossain , Tauhidur Rahman

There currently exist two extreme viewpoints for neural network feature learning -- (i) Neural networks simply implement a kernel method (a la NTK) and hence no features are learned (ii) Neural networks can represent (and hence learn)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mahesh Lorik Yadav , Harish Guruprasad Ramaswamy , Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan

In this paper we investigate formal verification of extracted rules for Neural Networks under a complexity theoretic point of view. A rule is a global property or a pattern concerning a large portion of the input space of a network. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Adrian Wurm

For a large class of feature maps we provide a tight asymptotic characterisation of the test error associated with learning the readout layer, in the high-dimensional limit where the input dimension, hidden layer widths, and number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-11 Dominik Schröder , Daniil Dmitriev , Hugo Cui , Bruno Loureiro

Mean field theory has been successfully used to analyze deep neural networks (DNN) in the infinite size limit. Given the finite size of realistic DNN, we utilize the large deviation theory and path integral analysis to study the deviation…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-02-21 Bo Li , David Saad

We establish in this work approximation results of deep neural networks for smooth functions measured in Sobolev norms, motivated by recent development of numerical solvers for partial differential equations using deep neural networks. {Our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Sean Hon , Haizhao Yang

Equivariant neural networks provide a principled framework for incorporating symmetry into learning architectures and have been extensively analyzed through the lens of their separation power, that is, the ability to distinguish inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Marco Pacini , Gabriele Santin , Bruno Lepri , Shubhendu Trivedi

We explore the potential for using a nonsmooth loss function based on the max-norm in the training of an artificial neural network. We hypothesise that this may lead to superior classification results in some special cases where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Vinesha Peiris , Nadezda Sukhorukova , Vera Roshchina

Deep neural networks are widely used in various domains. However, the nature of computations at each layer of the deep networks is far from being well understood. Increasing the interpretability of deep neural networks is thus important.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Haiping Huang

We study the necessary and sufficient complexity of ReLU neural networks---in terms of depth and number of weights---which is required for approximating classifier functions in $L^2$. As a model class, we consider the set $\mathcal{E}^\beta…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Philipp Petersen , Felix Voigtlaender

In the application of neural networks, we need to select a suitable model based on the problem complexity and the dataset scale. To analyze the network's capacity, quantifying the information learned by the network is necessary. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Liqun Yang , Yijun Yang , Yao Wang , Zhenyu Yang , Wei Zeng
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