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This paper investigates visual analogical reasoning in large multimodal models (LMMs) compared to human adults and children. A "visual analogy" is an abstract rule inferred from one image and applied to another. While benchmarks exist for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eunice Yiu , Maan Qraitem , Anisa Noor Majhi , Charlie Wong , Yutong Bai , Shiry Ginosar , Alison Gopnik , Kate Saenko

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning on text and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are highly effective for visual perception, applying those models for visual instruction-based planning remains a widely open problem. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Mohamed Salim Aissi , Clemence Grislain , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud , Laure Soulier , Nicolas Thome

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have typically focused on integrating visual and textual modalities, with less emphasis placed on the role of speech in enhancing interaction. However, speech plays a crucial role in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Haojia Lin , Xiong Wang , Yi-Fan Zhang , Yunhang Shen , Xiaoyu Liu , Haoyu Cao , Zuwei Long , Heting Gao , Ke Li , Long Ma , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji , Xing Sun , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced VQA and now support Vision-DeepResearch systems that use search engines for complex visual-textual fact-finding. However, evaluating these visual and textual search abilities is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Shuang Chen , Yufan Shen , Yishuo Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Shiting Huang , Yiming Zhao , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Shaosheng Cao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in transforming recommender systems from implicit behavioral pattern matching to explicit intent reasoning. While RecGPT-V1 successfully pioneered this paradigm by…

Reasoning is a fundamental capability for solving complex multi-step problems, particularly in visual contexts where sequential step-wise understanding is essential. Existing approaches lack a comprehensive framework for evaluating visual…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have recently gained significant attention in the domain of Recommendation Systems (RS). These models, trained on massive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Likang Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhaopeng Qiu , Hao Wang , Hongchao Gu , Tingjia Shen , Chuan Qin , Chen Zhu , Hengshu Zhu , Qi Liu , Hui Xiong , Enhong Chen

Visual Question-Answering (VQA) has become key to user experience, particularly after improved generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). But evaluating VLMs for an application requirement using a standardized framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Neelabh Sinha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Recent large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating textual descriptions for visual content. However, these models lack an understanding of user-specific concepts. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuval Alaluf , Elad Richardson , Sergey Tulyakov , Kfir Aberman , Daniel Cohen-Or

In this study, we are interested in imbuing robots with the capability of physically-grounded task planning. Recent advancements have shown that large language models (LLMs) possess extensive knowledge useful in robotic tasks, especially in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yingdong Hu , Fanqi Lin , Tong Zhang , Li Yi , Yang Gao

Large language models have shown impressive results for multi-hop mathematical reasoning when the input question is only textual. Many mathematical reasoning problems, however, contain both text and image. With the ever-increasing adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mehran Kazemi , Hamidreza Alvari , Ankit Anand , Jialin Wu , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, excel at integrating text and visual data but face systematic challenges when interpreting ambiguous or incomplete visual stimuli. This study leverages statistical modeling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ching-Yi Wang

Humans perform visual perception at multiple levels, including low-level object recognition and high-level semantic interpretation such as behavior understanding. Subtle differences in low-level details can lead to substantial changes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Guanzhen Li , Yuxi Xie , Min-Yen Kan

Having revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) applications, large language models (LLMs) are expanding into the realm of multimodal inputs. Owing to their ability to interpret images, multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have been primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jusung Lee , Sungguk Cha , Younghyun Lee , Cheoljong Yang

In Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs), the efficacy of In-Context Learning (ICL) remains limited by challenges in cross-modal interactions and representation disparities. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a novel Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yucheng Zhou , Xiang Li , Qianning Wang , Jianbing Shen

In the field of multi-modal language models, the majority of methods are built on an architecture similar to LLaVA. These models use a single-layer ViT feature as a visual prompt, directly feeding it into the language models alongside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Kaibing Chen , Dong Shen , Hanwen Zhong , Huasong Zhong , Kui Xia , Di Xu , Wei Yuan , Yifei Hu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Dewen Fan , Huihui Xiao , Jiahong Wu , Fan Yang , Size Li , Di Zhang

Reinforcement Learning Finetuning (RFT) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by enabling long chains of thought, self-correction, and effective tool use. While recent works attempt to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mingyuan Wu , Jingcheng Yang , Jize Jiang , Meitang Li , Kaizhuo Yan , Hanchao Yu , Minjia Zhang , Chengxiang Zhai , Klara Nahrstedt

Recent developments in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have spurred significant interest in their potential applications across various medical imaging domains. On the one hand, there is a temptation to use these generative models…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Sulaiman Khan , Md. Rafiul Biswas , Alina Murad , Hazrat Ali , Zubair Shah

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have been integrated into visual interpretation applications to support Blind and Low Vision (BLV) users because of their accuracy and ability to provide rich, human-like interpretations. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ricardo Gonzalez Penuela , Felipe Arias-Russi , Victor Capriles