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Related papers: Test-Time Backdoor Attacks on Multimodal Large Lan…

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This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against large language models (LLMs), eliciting them to generate objectionable content in response to harmful user queries. Unlike previous LLM-jailbreak methods that directly orient to LLMs, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haoxuan Ji , Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua

Machine learning is vulnerable to adversarial manipulation. Previous literature has demonstrated that at the training stage attackers can manipulate data and data sampling procedures to control model behaviour. A common attack goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Mikel Bober-Irizar , Ilia Shumailov , Yiren Zhao , Robert Mullins , Nicolas Papernot

Backdoor vulnerabilities widely exist in the fine-tuning of large language models(LLMs). Most backdoor poisoning methods operate mainly at the token level and lack deeper semantic manipulation, which limits stealthiness. In addition, Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ziyu Liu , Tao Li , Tianjie Ni , Xiaolong Lan , Wengang Ma , Tao Yang , Guohua Wang , Junjiang He

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in recent advancements, their susceptibility to jailbreak attacks has come to light. In such attacks, adversaries exploit carefully crafted prompts to coerce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ziyi Yin , Yuanpu Cao , Han Liu , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Fenhlong Ma

Deep neural networks have been demonstrated to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, by injecting a small number of maliciously constructed inputs into the training set, an adversary is able to plant a backdoor into the trained…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-10 Alexander Turner , Dimitris Tsipras , Aleksander Madry

Jailbreak backdoor attacks on LLMs have garnered attention for their effectiveness and stealth. However, existing methods rely on the crafting of poisoned datasets and the time-consuming process of fine-tuning. In this work, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhuowei Chen , Qiannan Zhang , Shichao Pei

Backdoor attacks pose an important security threat to textual large language models. Exploring textual backdoor attacks not only helps reveal the potential security risks of models, but also promotes innovation and development of defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yang Hou , Qiuling Yue , Lujia Chai , Guozhao Liao , Wenbao Han , Wei Ou

Fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks through data poisoning, yet the internal mechanisms governing these attacks remain a black box. Previous research on interpretability for LLM safety tends to focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Yu , Zhenhong Zhou , Moayad Aloqaily , Kun Wang , Biwei Huang , Stephen Wang , Yueming Jin , Qingsong Wen

Large-scale unlabeled data has spurred recent progress in self-supervised learning methods that learn rich visual representations. State-of-the-art self-supervised methods for learning representations from images (e.g., MoCo, BYOL, MSF) use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Aniruddha Saha , Ajinkya Tejankar , Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Hamed Pirsiavash

With the success of deep learning algorithms in various domains, studying adversarial attacks to secure deep models in real world applications has become an important research topic. Backdoor attacks are a form of adversarial attacks on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Aniruddha Saha , Akshayvarun Subramanya , Hamed Pirsiavash

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to many applications, with system prompts serving as a key mechanism to regulate model behavior and ensure ethical outputs. In this paper, we introduce a novel backdoor attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lu Yan , Siyuan Cheng , Xuan Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Guangyu Shen , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

Pre-trained language models allowed us to process downstream tasks with the help of fine-tuning, which aids the model to achieve fairly high accuracy in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Such easily-downloaded language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jaechul Roh , Minhao Cheng , Yajun Fang

Prompt-based tuning has emerged as a lightweight alternative to full fine-tuning in large vision-language models, enabling efficient adaptation via learned contextual prompts. This paradigm has recently been extended to federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Maozhen Zhang , Mengnan Zhao , Wei Wang , Bo Wang

Multimodal contrastive learning models like CLIP have demonstrated remarkable vision-language alignment capabilities, yet their vulnerability to backdoor attacks poses critical security risks. Attackers can implant latent triggers that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mengyuan Sun , Yu Li , Yuchen Liu , Bo Du , Yunjie Ge

Deep speech classification tasks, including keyword spotting and speaker verification, are vital in speech-based human-computer interaction. Recently, the security of these technologies has been revealed to be susceptible to backdoor…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhan Yao , Fen Xiao , Xiarun Chen , Jia Liu , YongQiang He , Weiping Wen

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) are emerging as a compelling new paradigm for text generation, but their training-time security remains largely unexplored. Existing backdoor attacks on Gaussian diffusion models or autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daniel Yiming Cao , Chengzhong Wang , Sheng-Yen Chou , Chengyu Huang , Pin-Yu Chen , Shengwei An

Backdoor attacks are a kind of insidious security threat against machine learning models. After being injected with a backdoor in training, the victim model will produce adversary-specified outputs on the inputs embedded with predesigned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Fanchao Qi , Mukai Li , Yangyi Chen , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Yasheng Wang , Maosong Sun

Recent research highlights concerns about the trustworthiness of third-party Pre-Trained Language Models (PTLMs) due to potential backdoor attacks. These backdoored PTLMs, however, are effective only for specific pre-defined downstream…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rui Zhang , Yun Shen , Hongwei Li , Wenbo Jiang , Hanxiao Chen , Yuan Zhang , Guowen Xu , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire deceptive behaviors through backdoor attacks, where the model executes prohibited actions whenever secret triggers appear in the input. Existing safety training methods largely fail to address this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Guangyu Shen , Siyuan Cheng , Xiangzhe Xu , Yuan Zhou , Hanxi Guo , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang
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