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Training a deep neural network to maximize a target objective has become the standard recipe for successful machine learning over the last decade. These networks can be optimized with supervised learning, if the target objective is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger

Deep Learning methods are known to suffer from calibration issues: they typically produce over-confident estimates. These problems are exacerbated in the low data regime. Although the calibration of probabilistic models is well studied,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-30 Rahul Rahaman , Alexandre H. Thiery

Neural networks have proven successful at learning from complex data distributions by acting as universal function approximators. However, they are often overconfident in their predictions, which leads to inaccurate and miscalibrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Jeffrey Willette , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Modern deep neural networks can produce badly calibrated predictions, especially when train and test distributions are mismatched. Training an ensemble of models and averaging their predictions can help alleviate these issues. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Asa Cooper Stickland , Iain Murray

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for developing more intelligent autonomous vehicles (AVs). A typical DRL application on AVs is to train a neural network-based driving policy. However, the black-box…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Weitao Zhou , Zhong Cao , Nanshan Deng , Kun Jiang , Diange Yang

Recent works have shown that most deep learning models are often poorly calibrated, i.e., they may produce overconfident predictions that are wrong. It is therefore desirable to have models that produce predictive uncertainty estimates that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Saiteja Utpala , Piyush Rai

Diverse regularization techniques have been developed such as L2 regularization, Dropout, DisturbLabel (DL) to prevent overfitting. DL, a newcomer on the scene, regularizes the loss layer by flipping a small share of the target labels at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yongho Kim , Hanna Lukashonak , Paweena Tarepakdee , Klavdia Zavalich , Mofassir ul Islam Arif

Real-world large-scale datasets are heteroskedastic and imbalanced -- labels have varying levels of uncertainty and label distributions are long-tailed. Heteroskedasticity and imbalance challenge deep learning algorithms due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Kaidi Cao , Yining Chen , Junwei Lu , Nikos Arechiga , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma

Continual learning aims to acquire new tasks while preserving performance on previously learned ones, but most methods struggle with catastrophic forgetting. Existing approaches typically treat all layers uniformly, often trading stability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hengyi Wu , Zhenyi Wang , Heng Huang

Recent studies on the memorization effects of deep neural networks on noisy labels show that the networks first fit the correctly-labeled training samples before memorizing the mislabeled samples. Motivated by this early-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Yangdi Lu , Yang Bo , Wenbo He

Uncertainty quantification in deep learning is crucial for safe and reliable decision-making in downstream tasks. Existing methods quantify uncertainty at the last layer or other approximations of the network which may miss some sources of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-25 James McInerney , Nathan Kallus

Traditional Evidence Deep Learning (EDL) methods rely on static hyperparameter for uncertainty calibration, limiting their adaptability in dynamic data distributions, which results in poor calibration and generalization in high-risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhen Yang , Yansong Ma , Lei Chen

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) aims to make agents more sample-efficient, adaptive, and explainable by learning an explicit model of the environment. While the capabilities of MBRL agents have significantly improved in recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ran Wei , Nathan Lambert , Anthony McDonald , Alfredo Garcia , Roberto Calandra

In this paper we explore the relation between distributionally robust learning and different forms of regularization to enforce robustness of deep neural networks. In particular, starting from a concrete min-max distributionally robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-29 Camilo Garcia Trillos , Nicolas Garcia Trillos

In safety-critical applications data-driven models must not only be accurate but also provide reliable uncertainty estimates. This property, commonly referred to as calibration, is essential for risk-aware decision-making. In regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jelke Wibbeke , Nico Schönfisch , Sebastian Rohjans , Andreas Rauh

Deep neural networks have become popular in many supervised learning tasks, but they may suffer from overfitting when the training dataset is limited. To mitigate this, many researchers use data augmentation, which is a widely used and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Jianhan Wu , Shijing Si , Jianzong Wang , Jing Xiao

Calibration is a fundamental property of a good predictive model: it requires that the model predicts correctly in proportion to its confidence. Modern neural networks, however, provide no strong guarantees on their calibration -- and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 A. Michael Carrell , Neil Mallinar , James Lucas , Preetum Nakkiran

Robust control of mechanical systems with multiple uncertainties remains a fundamental challenge, particularly when nonlinear dynamics and operating-condition variations are intricately intertwined. Although deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Heisei Yonezawa , Ansei Yonezawa , Itsuro Kajiwara

The black box nature of deep learning models complicate their usage in critical applications such as remote sensing. Conformal prediction is a method to ensure trust in such scenarios. Subject to data exchangeability, conformal prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Protim Bhattacharjee , Peter Jung

Dropout Regularization, serving to reduce variance, is nearly ubiquitous in Deep Learning models. We explore the relationship between the dropout rate and model complexity by training 2,000 neural networks configured with random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Christopher Sun , Jai Sharma , Milind Maiti