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We develop a structural approach to simultaneous embeddability in temporal sequences of graphs, inspired by graph minor theory. Our main result is a classification theorem for 2-connected temporal sequences: we identify five obstruction…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Johannes Carmesin , Will J. Turner

We say that a graph $F$ strongly arrows a pair of graphs $(G,H)$ if any 2-colouring of its edges with red and blue leads to either a red $G$ or a blue $H$ appearing as induced subgraphs of $F$. The induced Ramsey number, $IR(G,H)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-30 Izolda Gorgol

We study a conjecture due to Dallard, Krnc, Kwon, Milani\v{c}, Munaro, \v{S}torgel, and Wiederrecht stating that for any positive integer $d$ and any planar graph $H$, the class of all $K_{1,d}$-free graphs without $H$ as an induced minor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Mujin Choi , Claire Hilaire , Martin Milanič , Sebastian Wiederrecht

We show that for any positive integers $g$ and $t$, there is a $K_{6}^{(1)}$-induced-minor-free graph of girth at least $g$ that is not a region intersection graph over the class of $K_t$-minor-free graphs. This answers in a strong form the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Édouard Bonnet , Robert Hickingbotham

In this paper, we address the problem of enumerating all induced subtrees in an input k-degenerate graph, where an induced subtree is an acyclic and connected induced subgraph. A graph G = (V, E) is a k-degenerate graph if for any its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Kunihiro Wasa , Hiroki Arimura , Takeaki Uno

We say that a graph F strongly arrows a pair of graphs (G,H) if any colouring of its edges with red and blue leads to either a red G or a blue H appearing as induced subgraphs of F. The induced Ramsey number, IR(G,H) is defined as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-26 Maria Axenovich , Izolda Gorgol

An undirected graph G is called a VPT graph if it is the vertex intersection graph of a family of paths in a tree. The class of graphs which admit a VPT representation in a host tree with maximum degree at most h is denoted by [h,2,1]. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-09 Liliana Alcón , Marisa Gutierrez , María Pía Mazzoleni

Bir\'{o} et al. (1992) introduced $H$-graphs, intersection graphs of connected subgraphs of a subdivision of a graph $H$. They are related to many classes of geometric intersection graphs, e.g., interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, split…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Steven Chaplick , Martin Töpfer , Jan Voborník , Peter Zeman

A vertex whose removal in a graph $G$ increases the number of components of $G$ is called a cut vertex. For all $n,c$, we determine the maximum number of connected induced subgraphs in a connected graph with order $n$ and $c$ cut vertices,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-11 Audace A. V. Dossou-Olory

A hole in a graph is an induced cycle of length at least 4. A hole is long if its length is at least 5. By $P_t$ we denote a path on $t$ vertices. In this paper we give polynomial-time algorithms for the following problems: the Maximum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Tara Abrishami , Maria Chudnovsky , Marcin Pilipczuk , Paweł Rzążewski , Paul Seymour

We prove that for all $0\leq t\leq k$ and $d\geq 2k$, every graph $G$ with treewidth at most $k$ has a `large' induced subgraph $H$, where $H$ has treewidth at most $t$ and every vertex in $H$ has degree at most $d$ in $G$. The order of $H$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Prosenjit Bose , Vida Dujmovic , David R. Wood

At the core of the Robertson-Seymour theory of graph minors lies a powerful structure theorem which captures, for any fixed graph H, the common structural features of all the graphs not containing H as a minor. Robertson and Seymour prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-13 R. Diestel , K. Kawarabayashi , T. Müller , P. Wollan

A cornerstone theorem in the Graph Minors series of Robertson and Seymour is the result that every graph $G$ with no minor isomorphic to a fixed graph $H$ has a certain structure. The structure can then be exploited to deduce far-reaching…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Robin Thomas , Paul Wollan

Under the reconfiguration framework, we consider the various ways that a target graph $H$ is a {\em minor} of a host graph $G$, where a subgraph of $G$ can be transformed into $H$ by means of {\em edge contraction} (replacement of both…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Benjamin Moore , Naomi Nishimura , Vijay Subramanya

We first prove that for every vertex x of a 4-connected graph G there exists a subgraph H in G isomorphic to a subdivision of the complete graph K4 on four vertices such that G-V(H) is connected and contains x. This implies an affirmative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-28 Matthias Kriesell

A graph $H$ is an immersion of a graph $G$ if $H$ can be obtained by some sugraph $G$ after lifting incident edges. We prove that there is a polynomial function $f:\Bbb{N}\times\Bbb{N}\rightarrow\Bbb{N}$, such that if $H$ is a connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Archontia Giannopoulou , O-joung Kwon , Jean-Florent Raymond , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

Minimal separators in graphs are an important concept in algorithmic graph theory. In particular, many problems that are NP-hard for general graphs are known to become polynomial-time solvable for classes of graphs with a polynomially…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-03 Martin Milanič , Nevena Pivač

Graph G is the square of graph H if two vertices x, y have an edge in G if and only if x, y are of distance at most two in H. Given H it is easy to compute its square H2, however Motwani and Sudan proved that it is NP-complete to determine…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-02-13 Babak Farzad , Lap Chi Lau , Van Bang Le , Nguyen Ngoc Tuy

Unlike minors, the induced subgraph obstructions to bounded treewidth come in a large variety, including, for every $t\geq 1$, the $t$-basic obstructions: the graphs $K_{t+1}$ and $K_{t,t}$, along with the subdivisions of the $t$-by-$t$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Bogdan Alecu , Maria Chudnovsky , Sepehr Hajebi , Sophie Spirkl

A graph $G$ is $H$-induced-saturated if $G$ is $H$-free but deleting any edge or adding any edge creates an induced copy of $H$. There are non-trivial graphs $H$, such as $P_4$, for which no finite $H$-induced-saturated graph $G$ exists. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Marthe Bonamy , Carla Groenland , Tom Johnston , Natasha Morrison , Alex Scott