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Depth measures quantify central tendency in the analysis of statistical and geometric data. Selecting a depth measure that is simple and efficiently computable is often important, e.g., when calculating depth for multiple query points or…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Amirhossein Mashghdoust , Stephane Durocher

During the past two decades there has been a lot of interest in developing statistical depth notions that generalize the univariate concept of ranking to multivariate data. The notion of depth has also been extended to regression models and…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-18 Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

Modeling observations as random distributions embedded within Wasserstein spaces is becoming increasingly popular across scientific fields, as it captures the variability and geometric structure of the data more effectively. However, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-08 François Bachoc , Alberto González-Sanz , Jean-Michel Loubes , Yisha Yao

Depth of the Tukey median is investigated for empirical distributions. A sharper upper bound is provided for this value for data sets in general position. This bound is lower than the existing one in the literature, and more importantly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-21 Xiaohui Liu , Shihua Luo , Yijun Zuo

This article advocates factorized and hybrid dimensional decompositions (FDD/HDD), as alternatives to analysis-of-variance dimensional decomposition (ADD), for second-moment statistical analysis of multivariate functions. New formulae…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-10-28 Sharif Rahman

The $DD\alpha$-classifier, a nonparametric fast and very robust procedure, is described and applied to fifty classification problems regarding a broad spectrum of real-world data. The procedure first transforms the data from their original…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-10 Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Karl Mosler , Tatjana Lange

This paper studies how to generalize Tukey's depth to problems defined in a restricted space that may be curved or have boundaries, and to problems with a nondifferentiable objective. First, using a manifold approach, we propose a broad…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-05 Yiyuan She , Shao Tang , Jingze Liu

Metric mean dimension is a geometric invariant of dynamical systems with infinite topological entropy. We relate this concept with the fractal structure of the phase space and the H\"older regularity of the map. Afterwards we improve our…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Alexandre Baraviera , Maria Carvalho , Gustavo Pessil

Robust estimation of location is a fundamental problem in statistics, particularly in scenarios where data contamination by outliers or model misspecification is a concern. In univariate settings, methods such as the sample median and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Leonardo Moreno , Gonzalo Perera

The use of quantiles to obtain insights about multivariate data is addressed. It is argued that incisive insights can be obtained by considering directional quantiles, the quantiles of projections. Directional quantile envelopes are…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-01 Linglong Kong , Ivan Mizera

Data depth is a concept in multivariate statistics that measures the centrality of a point in a given data cloud in $\IR^d$. If the depth of a point can be represented as the minimum of the depths with respect to all one-dimensional…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-17 Rainer Dyckerhoff , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Stanislav Nagy

Statistical data depth plays an important role in the analysis of multivariate data sets. The main outcome is a center-outward ordering of the observations that can be used both to highlight features of the underlying distribution of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Giacomo Francisci , Claudio Agostinelli

Directional data arise in many applications where observations are naturally represented as unit vectors or as observations on the surface of a unit hypersphere. In this context, statistical depth functions provide a center--outward…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Giuseppe Gismondi , Rebecca Rivieccio , Giuseppe Pandolfo

Starting with Tukey's pioneering work in the 1970's, the notion of depth in statistics has been widely extended especially in the last decade. These extensions include high dimensional data, functional data, and manifold-valued data. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Fabrice Gamboa , Leonardo Moreno

Determining the representativeness of a point within a data cloud has recently become a desirable task in multivariate analysis. The concept of statistical depth function, which reflects centrality of an arbitrary point, appears to be…

Computation · Statistics 2016-03-02 Pavlo Mozharovskyi

Halfspace depth and $\beta$-skeleton depth are two types of depth functions in nonparametric data analysis. The halfspace depth of a query point $q\in \mathbb{R}^d$ with respect to $S\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ is the minimum portion of the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Rasoul Shahsavarifar , David Bremner

A graphical tool for investigating unimodality of hyperspherical data is proposed. It is based on the notion of statistical data depth function for directional data which extends the univariate concept of rank. Firstly a local version of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-27 Giuseppe Pandolfo

The computational complexity of some depths that satisfy the projection property, such as the halfspace depth or the projection depth, is known to be high, especially for data of higher dimensionality. In such scenarios, the exact depth is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-28 Stanislav Nagy , Rainer Dyckerhoff , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

For computing the exact value of the halfspace depth of a point w.r.t. a data cloud of $n$ points in arbitrary dimension, a theoretical framework is suggested. Based on this framework a whole class of algorithms can be derived. In all of…

Computation · Statistics 2016-01-13 Rainer Dyckerhoff , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

With the ubiquity of sensors in the IoT era, statistical observations are becoming increasingly available in the form of massive (multivariate) time-series. Formulated as unsupervised anomaly detection tasks, an abundance of applications…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-14 Guillaume Staerman , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Stephan Clémençon