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Assuring safety for ``AI-based'' systems is one of the current challenges in safety engineering. For automated driving systems, in particular, further assurance challenges result from the open context that the systems need to operate in…
The design of embedded safety-critical systems such as those used in next-generation automotive and autonomous platforms, is increasingly challenged by escalating system complexity, hardware-software heterogeneity, and the integration of…
Background: Due to their diversity, complexity, and above all importance, safety-critical and dependable systems must be developed with special diligence. Criticality increases as these systems likely contain artificial intelligence (AI)…
With the increasing presence of autonomous SAE level 3 and level 4, which incorporate artificial intelligence software, along with the complex technical challenges they present, it is essential to maintain a high level of functional safety…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly prominent in emerging smart cities, yet their reliability remains a critical concern. These systems typically operate through a sequence of interconnected functional stages, where…
In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…
The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into autonomous machines represents a major paradigm shift in how these systems operate and unlocks new solutions to problems once deemed intractable. Although generative AI agents…
We outline the principles of classical assurance for computer-based systems that pose significant risks. We then consider application of these principles to systems that employ Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). A key…
AI advancements have been significantly driven by a combination of foundation models and curiosity-driven learning aimed at increasing capability and adaptability. Within this landscape, open-endedness, where AI agents autonomously and…
The growing advancements in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have emphasized the critical need to prioritize the absolute safety of AV maneuvers, especially in dynamic and unpredictable environments or situations. This objective becomes even more…
The expanding role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in diverse engineering domains highlights the challenges associated with deploying AI models in new operational environments, involving substantial investments in data collection and model…
The expanding role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in diverse engineering domains highlights the challenges associated with deploying AI models in new operational environments, involving substantial investments in data collection and model…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. The extent and scope of future AI capabilities remain a key uncertainty, with widespread disagreement on timelines and potential impacts. As…
As AI technologies increase in capability and ubiquity, AI accidents are becoming more common. Based on normal accident theory, high reliability theory, and open systems theory, we create a framework for understanding the risks associated…
Rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) systems introduce novel, uncertain, and potentially catastrophic risks. Managing these risks requires a mature risk-management infrastructure whose cornerstone is rigorous risk modeling. We…
Artificial intelligence risks are multidimensional in nature, as the same risk scenarios may have legal, operational, and financial risk dimensions. With the emergence of new AI regulations, the state of the art of artificial intelligence…
As AI models scale to billions of parameters and operate with increasing autonomy, ensuring their safe, reliable operation demands engineering-grade security and assurance frameworks. This paper presents an enterprise-level, risk-aware,…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is interacting with people at an unprecedented scale, offering new avenues for immense positive impact, but also raising widespread concerns around the potential for individual and societal harm. Today, the…
The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased the interest of researchers and practitioners towards applying its techniques into multiple domains like automotive, health care and air space to achieve automation.…
The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the widespread adoption of open-source machine learning models in both research and industry. Considering the resource-intensive nature…