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Discrete diffusion is a promising framework for modeling and generating discrete data. In this work, we present Target Concrete Score Matching (TCSM), a novel and versatile objective for training and fine-tuning discrete diffusion models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ruixiang Zhang , Shuangfei Zhai , Yizhe Zhang , James Thornton , Zijing Ou , Joshua Susskind , Navdeep Jaitly

Diffusion-based world models have shown strong potential for unified world simulation, but the iterative denoising remains too costly for interactive use and long-horizon rollouts. While feature caching can accelerate inference without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Weilun Feng , Guoxin Fan , Haotong Qin , Chuanguang Yang , Mingqiang Wu , Yuqi Li , Xiangqi Li , Zhulin An , Libo Huang , Dingrui Wang , Longlong Liao , Michele Magno , Yongjun Xu

While diffusion models excel at generating continuous data such as images, adapting them to discrete tasks has relied on indirect approaches that either operate in continuous embedding spaces or use token masking mechanisms, both of which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiao Li , Jiaqi Zhang , Shuxiang Zhang , Tianshui Chen , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

Diffusions are a successful technique to sample from high-dimensional distributions. The target distribution can be either explicitly given or learnt from a collection of samples. They implement a diffusion process whose endpoint is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrea Montanari

Suppose X is a multivariate diffusion process that is observed discretely in time. At each observation time, a transformation of the state of the process is observed with noise. The smoothing problem consists of recovering the path of the…

Computation · Statistics 2024-09-04 Marcin Mider , Moritz Schauer , Frank van der Meulen

Discrete-state denoising diffusion models led to state-of-the-art performance in graph generation, especially in the molecular domain. Recently, they have been transposed to continuous time, allowing more flexibility in the reverse process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Antoine Siraudin , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros , Christopher Morris

Can continuous diffusion models bring the same performance breakthrough on natural language they did for image generation? To circumvent the discrete nature of text data, we can simply project tokens in a continuous space of embeddings, as…

Despite Flow Matching and diffusion models having emerged as powerful generative paradigms for continuous variables such as images and videos, their application to high-dimensional discrete data, such as language, is still limited. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Itai Gat , Tal Remez , Neta Shaul , Felix Kreuk , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Gabriel Synnaeve , Yossi Adi , Yaron Lipman

Diffusion models have become popular for policy learning in robotics due to their ability to capture high-dimensional and multimodal distributions. However, diffusion policies are stochastic and typically trained offline, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ralf Römer , Alexander von Rohr , Angela P. Schoellig

Switching dynamical systems provide a powerful, interpretable modeling framework for inference in time-series data in, e.g., the natural sciences or engineering applications. Since many areas, such as biology or discrete-event systems, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Lukas Köhs , Bastian Alt , Heinz Koeppl

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-dimensional samples across domains such as vision, language, and the sciences. Although continuous-state diffusion models have been extensively studied both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aadithya Srikanth , Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal

Score-based diffusion models, which generate new data by learning to reverse a diffusion process that perturbs data from the target distribution into noise, have achieved remarkable success across various generative tasks. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

While efficient distribution learning is no doubt behind the groundbreaking success of diffusion modeling, its theoretical guarantees are quite limited. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous analysis on approximation and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-06 Kazusato Oko , Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

Diffusion models, which convert noise into new data instances by learning to reverse a Markov diffusion process, have become a cornerstone in contemporary generative modeling. While their practical power has now been widely recognized, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-08 Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen , Yuejie Chi

Diffusion models have had a profound impact on many application areas, including those where data are intrinsically infinite-dimensional, such as images or time series. The standard approach is first to discretize and then to apply…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jakiw Pidstrigach , Youssef Marzouk , Sebastian Reich , Sven Wang

For a wide class of continuous-time Markov processes, including all irreducible hypoelliptic diffusions evolving on an open, connected subset of $\RL^d$, the following are shown to be equivalent: (i) The process satisfies (a slightly weaker…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Sean P. Meyn

Controllable diffusion generation often relies on various heuristics that are seemingly disconnected without a unified understanding. We bridge this gap with Diffusion Controller (DiffCon), a unified control-theoretic view that casts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tong Yang , Moonkyung Ryu , Chih-Wei Hsu , Guy Tennenholtz , Yuejie Chi , Craig Boutilier , Bo Dai

We present a concise, self-contained derivation of diffusion-based generative models. Starting from basic properties of Gaussian distributions (densities, quadratic expectations, re-parameterisation, products, and KL divergences), we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sepehr Maleki , Negar Pourmoazemi

Personalized text-to-image diffusion models have grown popular for their ability to efficiently acquire a new concept from user-defined text descriptions and a few images. However, in the real world, a user may wish to personalize a model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Saurav Jha , Shiqi Yang , Masato Ishii , Mengjie Zhao , Christian Simon , Muhammad Jehanzeb Mirza , Dong Gong , Lina Yao , Shusuke Takahashi , Yuki Mitsufuji

Diffusion-based generative models are extremely effective in generating high-quality images, with generated samples often surpassing the quality of those produced by other models under several metrics. One distinguishing feature of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ashwini Pokle , Zhengyang Geng , Zico Kolter