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Hardware security has risen in prominence in recent years with concerns stemming from a globalizing semiconductor supply chain and increased third-party IP (intellectual property) usage. Trojan detection is of paramount importance for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Dillon Staub , Rashmi Jha , David Kapp

The threat of hardware Trojans (HTs) and their detection is a widely studied field. While the effort for inserting a Trojan into an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) can be considered relatively high, especially when trusting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Thilo Krachenfels , Jean-Pierre Seifert , Shahin Tajik

We provide an overview of the experimental techniques, measurement modalities, and diverse applications of the Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM). The QDM employs a dense layer of fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers near the…

The use of third-party IP cores in implementing applications in FPGAs has given rise to the threat of malicious alterations through the insertion of hardware Trojans. To address this threat, it is important to predict the way hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ash Luft , Mihai Sima , Michael McGuire

As the semiconductor industry has shifted to a fabless paradigm, the risk of hardware Trojans being inserted at various stages of production has also increased. Recently, there has been a growing trend toward the use of machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Rahul Vishwakarma , Amin Rezaei

The constant interplay and information exchange between cells and their micro-environment are essential to their survival and ability to execute biological functions. To date, a few leading technologies such as traction force microscopy,…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-29 Feng Xu , Shuxiang Zhang , Linjie Ma , Yong Hou , Jie Li , Andrej Denisenko , Zifu Li , Joachim Spatz , Jörg Wrachtrup , Qiang Wei , Zhiqin Chu

Hardware Trojans have drawn the attention of academia, industry and government agencies. Effective detection mechanisms and countermeasures against such malicious designs can only be developed when there is a deep understanding of how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Samaneh Ghandali , Thorben Moos , Amir Moradi , Christof Paar

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol has been demonstrated as a viable solution to detector side-channel attacks. One of the main advantages of MDI-QKD is that the security can be proved without making…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-14 Bing Qi

Hardware trojans are malicious circuits which compromise the functionality and security of an integrated circuit (IC). These circuits are manufactured directly into the silicon and cannot be fixed by security patches like software. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

Most security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) disregard the effect of information leakage from the users' devices, and, thus, do not protect against Trojan-horse attacks (THAs). In a THA, the eavesdropper injects strong light into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Álvaro Navarrete , Marcos Curty

The increasing complexity of advanced semiconductor packages, driven by chiplet architectures and 2.5D/3D integration, challenges conventional failure localization methods such as lock-in thermography (LIT) and complicates current Failure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Bartu Bisgin , Marwa Garsi , Andreas Welscher , Michael Hanke , Fleming Bruckmaier

Software-exploitable Hardware Trojans (HTs) enable attackers to execute unauthorized software or gain illicit access to privileged operations. This manuscript introduces a hardware-based methodology for detecting runtime HT activations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Alessandro Palumbo , Ruben Salvador

Fabrication-less design houses outsource their designs to 3rd party foundries to lower fabrication cost. However, this creates opportunities for a rogue in the foundry to introduce hardware Trojans, which stay inactive most of the time and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Xiaotong Cui , Samah Saeed , Alwin Zulehner , Robert Wille , Rolf Drechsler , Kaijie Wu , Ramesh Karri

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that leverages principles of quantum mechanics to offer extremely high levels of data security during transmission. It is well acknowledged for its capacity to accomplish provable…

Due to the globalization of Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain, hardware trojans and the attacks that can trigger them have become an important security issue. One type of hardware Trojans leverages the don't care transitions in Finite…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Ruochen Dai , Tuba Yavuz

Hardware Trojans (HTs) threaten the trust and reliability of integrated circuits (ICs), particularly when triggered HTs remain dormant during standard testing and activate only under rare conditions. Existing electromagnetic (EM)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mahsa Tahghigh , Hassan Salmani

Quantum computing introduces unfamiliar security vulnerabilities demanding customized threat models. Hardware and software Trojans pose serious concerns needing rethinking from classical paradigms. This paper develops the first structured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Third-party intellectual property cores are essential building blocks of modern system-on-chip and integrated circuit designs. However, these design components usually come from vendors of different trust levels and may contain undocumented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wei Hu , Beibei Li , Lingjuan Wu , Yiwei Li , Xuefei Li , Liang Hong

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware, such as microprocessors, are widely adopted in system design due to their ability to reduce development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, supply chain entities involved in the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mahmudul Hasan , Sudipta Paria , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

Quantum neural networks (QNN) hold immense potential for the future of quantum machine learning (QML). However, QNN security and robustness remain largely unexplored. In this work, we proposed novel Trojan attacks based on the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Sounak Bhowmik , Travis S. Humble , Himanshu Thapliyal