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Quantum error mitigation has been extensively explored to increase the accuracy of the quantum circuits in noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) computation, where quantum error correction requiring additional quantum resources is not…

Quantum bits are more robust to noise when they are encoded non-locally. In such an encoding, errors affecting the underlying physical system can then be detected and corrected before they corrupt the encoded information. In 2001,…

Quantum computing is among the most promising emerging techniques to solve problems that are computationally intractable on classical hardware. A large body of existing works focus on using variational quantum algorithms on the gate level…

In measurement-based quantum computing an algorithm is performed by measurements on highly-entangled resource states. To date, several implementations were demonstrated, all of them assuming perfect noise-free environments. Here we consider…

Quantum error correction protects the quantum state against noise and decoherence in quantum communication and quantum computation, which enables one to perform fault-torrent quantum information processing. We experimentally demonstrate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-23 Shuhong Hao , Xiaolong Su , Caixing Tian , Changde Xie , Kunchi Peng

Noise affecting qubit preparation and measurements accounts for a significant fraction of errors in quantum information processing. This is especially critical in tasks like variational quantum algorithms, quantum error correction, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Jaemin Kim , Seungchan Seo , Jiyoung Yun , Benjamin Lienhard , Joonwoo Bae

Near-term quantum computers provide a promising platform for finding ground states of quantum systems, which is an essential task in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Near-term approaches, however, are constrained by the effects of…

The storage and processing of quantum information are susceptible to external noise, resulting in computational errors that are inherently continuous A powerful method to suppress these effects is to use quantum error correction. Typically,…

One of the major challenges for erroneous quantum computers is undoubtedly the control over the effect of noise. Considering the rapid growth of available quantum resources that are not fully fault-tolerant, it is crucial to develop…

Quantum effect enables enhanced estimation precision in metrology, with the Heisenberg limit (HL) representing the ultimate limit allowed by quantum mechanics. Although the HL is generally unattainable in the presence of noise, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Himanshu Sahu , Qian Xu , Sisi Zhou

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

Gaussian quantum information processing with continuous-variable (CV) quantum information carriers holds significant promise for applications in quantum communication and quantum internet. However, applying Gaussian state distillation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 En-Jui Chang , Ching-Yi Lai

Quantum computation promises to advance a wide range of computational tasks. However, current quantum hardware suffers from noise and is too small for error correction. Thus, accurately utilizing noisy quantum computers strongly relies on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Friedrich Wagner , Daniel J. Egger , Frauke Liers

Practical implementation of quantum error correction is currently limited by near-term quantum hardware. In contrast, quantum error mitigation has demonstrated strong promise for improving the performance of noisy quantum circuits without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Dawei Zhong , William Munizzi , Huo Chen , Wibe Albert de Jong

In this paper, we place bounds on when it is impossible to purify a noisy two-qubit state if all the gates used in the purification protocol are subject to adversarial local, independent, noise. It is found that the gate operations must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-20 Alastair Kay

Quantum error correcting codes have been shown to have the ability of making quantum information resilient against noise. Here we show that we can use quantum error correcting codes as diagnostics to characterise noise. The experiment is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Laforest , D. Simon , J. -C. Boileau , J. Baugh , M. Ditty , R. Laflamme

Quantum computers have the possibility of a much reduced calculation load compared with classical computers in specific problems. Quantum error correction (QEC) is vital for handling qubits, which are vulnerable to external noise. In QEC,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hideo Mukai , Hoshitaro Ohnishi

The presence of noise in quantum computers hinders their effective operation. Even though quantum error correction can theoretically remedy this problem, its practical realization is still a challenge. Testing and benchmarking noisy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Adrian Ortega , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

Noise is typically treated as the adversary of quantum information processing. For open quantum dynamics, however, dissipation is part of the target physics, creating a tension with fault-tolerant architectures designed to suppress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Sameer Dambal , Michael AD Taylor , Yu Zhang

Quantum error correction is vital for implementing universal quantum computing. A key component is the encoding circuit that maps a product state of physical qubits into the encoded multipartite entangled logical state. Known methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Xiaosi Xu , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan