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Autonomous cyber and cyber-physical systems need to perform decision-making, learning, and control in unknown environments. Such decision-making can be sensitive to multiple factors, including modeling errors, changes in costs, and impacts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Abdullah Al Maruf , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

In Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) and under the setting of Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE), agents observe and interact with their environment locally and independently. With local observation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jian Hu , Seth Austin Harding , Haibin Wu , Siyue Hu , Shih-wei Liao

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) focuses on determining conflict-free paths for multiple agents navigating through a shared space to reach specified goal locations. This problem becomes computationally challenging, particularly when handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Thore Gerlach , Loong Kuan Lee , Frédéric Barbaresco , Nico Piatkowski

In teacher-student framework, a more experienced agent (teacher) helps accelerate the learning of another agent (student) by suggesting actions to take in certain states. In cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL), where agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Changxi Zhu , Ho-fung Leung , Shuyue Hu , Yi Cai

A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

Reinforcement Learning in large action spaces is a challenging problem. Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) exacerbates matters by imposing various constraints on communication and observability. In this work, we consider…

Cooperative multi-agent problems often require coordination between agents, which can be achieved through a centralized policy that considers the global state. Multi-agent policy gradient (MAPG) methods are commonly used to learn such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Xubo Lyu , Amin Banitalebi-Dehkordi , Mo Chen , Yong Zhang

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, a collection of agents learns to interact in a shared environment to achieve a common goal. We propose the use of reward machines (RM) -- Mealy machines used as structured representations…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Cyrus Neary , Zhe Xu , Bo Wu , Ufuk Topcu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) becomes more challenging in the presence of more agents, as the capacity of the joint state and action spaces grows exponentially in the number of agents. To address such a challenge of scale, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Yan Li , Lingxiao Wang , Jiachen Yang , Ethan Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Tuo Zhao , Hongyuan Zha

This paper studies a class of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems where the reward that an agent receives depends on the states of other agents, but the next state only depends on the agent's own current state and action. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Xin Liu , Honghao Wei , Lei Ying

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) focuses on learning policies solely from a batch of previously collected data. offering the potential to leverage such datasets effectively without the need for costly or risky active exploration. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Riccardo Zamboni , Enrico Brunetti , Marcello Restelli

The field of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has seen widespread use in addressing complex coordination tasks. While value decomposition methods in MARL have been popular, they have limitations in solving tasks with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Shanqi Liu , Weiwei Liu , Wenzhou Chen , Guanzhong Tian , Yong Liu

Scalability is the key roadstone towards the application of cooperative intelligent algorithms in large-scale networks. Reinforcement learning (RL) is known as model-free and high efficient intelligent algorithm for communication problems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-08 Fenghe Hu , Yansha Deng , A. Hamid Aghvami

To reliably deploy Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) systems, it is crucial to understand individual agent behaviors. While prior work typically evaluates overall team performance based on explicit reward signals, it is unclear how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ardian Selmonaj , Miroslav Strupl , Oleg Szehr , Alessandro Antonucci

We consider model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) in 2-agent, high-fidelity continuous control problems -- an important domain for robots interacting with other agents in the same workspace. For non-trivial dynamical systems, MBRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Orr Krupnik , Igor Mordatch , Aviv Tamar

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) remains difficult to scale to many agents. Recent MARL using Mean Field Control (MFC) provides a tractable and rigorous approach to otherwise difficult cooperative MARL. However, the strict MFC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Kai Cui , Christian Fabian , Anam Tahir , Heinz Koeppl

Many real world tasks require multiple agents to work together. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been proposed in recent years to solve these tasks, but current methods often fail to efficiently learn policies. We thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Johannes Ackermann , Volker Gabler , Takayuki Osa , Masashi Sugiyama

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires agents to explore within a vast joint action space to find joint actions that lead to coordination. Existing value-based MARL algorithms commonly rely on random exploration, such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lukas Schäfer , Oliver Slumbers , Stephen McAleer , Yali Du , Stefano V. Albrecht , David Mguni

In cooperative multi-agent tasks, a team of agents jointly interact with an environment by taking actions, receiving a team reward and observing the next state. During the interactions, the uncertainty of environment and reward will…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Jian Zhao , Mingyu Yang , Youpeng Zhao , Xunhan Hu , Wengang Zhou , Jiangcheng Zhu , Houqiang Li

Federated reinforcement learning (RL) enables collaborative decision making of multiple distributed agents without sharing local data trajectories. In this work, we consider a multi-task setting, in which each agent has its own private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Tong Yang , Shicong Cen , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen , Yuejie Chi