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This work identifies the existence and cause of a type of posterior collapse that frequently occurs in the Bayesian deep learning practice. For a general linear latent variable model that includes linear variational autoencoders as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Zihao Wang , Liu Ziyin

Over-parameterization and adaptive methods have played a crucial role in the success of deep learning in the last decade. The widespread use of over-parameterization has forced us to rethink generalization by bringing forth new phenomena,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Vatsal Shah , Soumya Basu , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Sujay Sanghavi

Neural multivariate regression underpins a wide range of domains, including control, robotics, and finance, yet the geometry of its learned representations remains poorly characterized. While neural collapse has been shown to benefit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 George Andriopoulos , Zixuan Dong , Bimarsha Adhikari , Keith Ross

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success. A key factor behind this success is the scaling law observed by OpenAI. Specifically, for models with Transformer architecture, the test loss exhibits a power-law…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yifang Chen , Xuyang Guo , Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song

With the increasing impact of algorithmic decision-making on human lives, the interpretability of models has become a critical issue in machine learning. Counterfactual explanation is an important method in the field of interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Ao Xu , Tieru Wu

Machine unlearning seeks to remove the influence of specific training data from a model, a need driven by privacy regulations and robustness concerns. Existing approaches typically modify model parameters, but such updates can be unstable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Antonio Almudévar , Alfonso Ortega

Synthetically-generated data plays an increasingly larger role in training large language models. However, while synthetic data has been found to be useful, studies have also shown that without proper curation it can cause LLM performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kareem Amin , Sara Babakniya , Alex Bie , Weiwei Kong , Umar Syed , Sergei Vassilvitskii

Recent work on diffusion models proposed that they operate in two regimes: memorization, in which models reproduce their training data, and generalization, in which they generate novel samples. While this has been tested in high-noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Elizabeth Pavlova , Xue-Xin Wei

Benign overfitting is a phenomenon in machine learning where a model perfectly fits (interpolates) the training data, including noisy examples, yet still generalizes well to unseen data. Understanding this phenomenon has attracted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Spontaneous collapse models aim to solve the long-standing measurement problem in quantum mechanics by modifying the theory's dynamics to include objective wave function collapses. These collapses occur randomly in space, bridging the gap…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Nicolò Piccione , Angelo Bassi

Recent advances in depth-recurrent language models show that recurrence can decouple train-time compute and parameter count from test-time compute. In this work, we study how to convert existing pretrained non-recurrent language models into…

Linear regression is a classical paradigm in statistics. A new look at it is provided via the lens of universal learning. In applying universal learning to linear regression the hypotheses class represents the label $y\in {\cal R}$ as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Koby Bibas , Yaniv Fogel , Meir Feder

In this paper, we introduce the \textit{Layer-Peeled Model}, a nonconvex yet analytically tractable optimization program, in a quest to better understand deep neural networks that are trained for a sufficiently long time. As the name…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Cong Fang , Hangfeng He , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

Neural collapse is an emergent phenomenon in deep learning that was recently discovered by Papyan, Han and Donoho. We propose a simple "unconstrained features model" in which neural collapse also emerges empirically. By studying this model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Dustin G. Mixon , Hans Parshall , Jianzong Pi

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality images thanks to their novel training procedures applied to unprecedented amounts of data. However, training a diffusion model from scratch is computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Michał Zając , Kamil Deja , Anna Kuzina , Jakub M. Tomczak , Tomasz Trzciński , Florian Shkurti , Piotr Miłoś

In this paper the problems of the retrospective analysis of models with time-varying structure are considered. These models include contamination models with randomly switching parameters and multivariate classification models with an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Boris Brodsky , Boris Darkhovsky

High-dimensional data must be highly structured to be learnable. Although the compositional and hierarchical nature of data is often put forward to explain learnability, quantitative measurements establishing these properties are scarce.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Noam Itzhak Levi , Matthieu Wyart

Machine unlearning, a process enabling pre-trained models to remove the influence of specific training samples, has attracted significant attention in recent years. Although extensive research has focused on developing efficient machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Lefeng Zhang , Le Wang , Wanlei Zhou

It is widely recognized that deep neural networks are sensitive to bias in the data. This means that during training these models are likely to learn spurious correlations between data and labels, resulting in limited generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Vito Paolo Pastore , Massimiliano Ciranni , Davide Marinelli , Francesca Odone , Vittorio Murino

Regression models are essential for a wide range of real-world applications. However, in practice, target values are not always precisely known; instead, they may be represented as intervals of acceptable values. This challenge has led to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tung L Nguyen , Toby Dylan Hocking