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Budget management strategies in repeated auctions have received growing attention in online advertising markets. However, previous work on budget management in online bidding mainly focused on second-price auctions. The rapid shift from…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Qian Wang , Zongjun Yang , Xiaotie Deng , Yuqing Kong

A/B testing is widely used in modern technology companies for policy evaluation and product deployment, with the goal of comparing the outcomes under a newly-developed policy against a standard control. Various causal inference and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-25 Jinjuan Wang , Qianglin Wen , Yu Zhang , Xiaodong Yan , Chengchun Shi

In today's online advertising markets, it is common for advertisers to set long-term budgets. Correspondingly, advertising platforms adopt budget control methods to ensure that advertisers' payments lie within their budgets. Most budget…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Zhaohua Chen , Mingwei Yang , Chang Wang , Jicheng Li , Zheng Cai , Yukun Ren , Zhihua Zhu , Xiaotie Deng

A challenge that machine learning practitioners in the industry face is the task of selecting the best model to deploy in production. As a model is often an intermediate component of a production system, online controlled experiments such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-31 Zhenwen Dai , Praveen Chandar , Ghazal Fazelnia , Ben Carterette , Mounia Lalmas-Roelleke

A/B testing is the foundation of decision-making in online platforms, yet social products often suffer from network interference: user interactions cause treatment effects to spill over into the control group. Such spillovers bias causal…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xu Min , Zhaoxu Yang , Kaixuan Tan , Juan Yan , Xunbin Xiong , Zihao Zhu , Kaiyu Zhu , Fenglin Cui , Yang Yang , Sihua Yang , Jianhui Bu

A/B testing, a widely used form of Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), is a fundamental tool in business data analysis and experimental design. However, despite its intent to maintain randomness, A/B testing often faces challenges that…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-13 Zihao Zheng , Carol Liu

Budget pacing is critical in online advertising to align spend with campaign goals under dynamic auctions. Existing pacing methods often rely on ad-hoc parameter tuning, which can be unstable and inefficient. We propose a principled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sreeja Apparaju , Yichuan Niu , Xixi Qi

The widespread adoption of online randomized controlled experiments (A/B Tests) for decision-making has created ongoing capacity constraints which necessitate interim analyses. As a consequence, platform users are increasingly motivated to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-11 Abbas Zaidi , Rina Friedberg , Samir Khan , Yao-Yang Leow , Maulik Soneji , Houssam Nassif , Richard Mudd

A/B tests, also known as randomized controlled experiments (RCTs), are the gold standard for evaluating the impact of new policies, products, or decisions. However, these tests can be costly in terms of time and resources, potentially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-03 Shima Nassiri , Mohsen Bayati , Joe Cooprider

It is increasingly common in digital environments to use A/B tests to compare the performance of recommendation algorithms. However, such experiments often violate the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA), particularly SUTVA's "no…

eBay's experimentation platform runs hundreds of A/B tests on any given day. The platform integrates with the tracking infrastructure and customer experience servers, provides the sampling service for experiments, and has the responsibility…

Applications · Statistics 2023-03-10 Keyu Nie , Zezhong Zhang , Bingquan Xu , Tao Yuan

In A/B testing two variants of a piece of software are compared in the field from an end user's point of view, enabling data-driven decision making. While widely used in practice, no comprehensive study has been conducted on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Federico Quin , Danny Weyns , Matthias Galster , Camila Costa Silva

Evaluation plays a crucial role in the development of ranking algorithms on search and recommender systems. It enables online platforms to create user-friendly features that drive commercial success in a steady and effective manner. The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Qing Zhang , Alex Deng , Michelle Du , Huiji Gao , Liwei He , Sanjeev Katariya

Budget pacing is a popular service that has been offered by major internet advertising platforms since their inception. Budget pacing systems seek to optimize advertiser returns subject to budget constraints by smoothly spending advertiser…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Santiago R. Balseiro , Kshipra Bhawalkar , Zhe Feng , Haihao Lu , Vahab Mirrokni , Balasubramanian Sivan , Di Wang

When interpreting A/B tests, we typically focus only on the statistically significant results and take them by face value. This practice, termed post-selection inference in the statistical literature, may negatively affect both point…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-01 Alex Deng , Yicheng Li , Jiannan Lu , Vivek Ramamurthy

In this paper, we provide a statistical testing framework to check whether a random sample splitting in a multi-dimensional space is carried out in a valid way, which could be directly applied to A/B testing and multivariate testing to…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-11 Jing Miao , Hongyuan Yuan , Zhenyu Yan

In online randomized experiments or A/B tests, accurate predictions of participant inclusion rates are of paramount importance. These predictions not only guide experimenters in optimizing the experiment's duration but also enhance the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Lorenzo Masoero , Mario Beraha , Thomas Richardson , Stefano Favaro

Design of experiments and estimation of treatment effects in large-scale networks, in the presence of strong interference, is a challenging and important problem. Most existing methods' performance deteriorates as the density of the network…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-15 Preetam Nandy , Kinjal Basu , Shaunak Chatterjee , Ye Tu

Marketplace companies rely heavily on experimentation when making changes to the design or operation of their platforms. The workhorse of experimentation is the randomized controlled trial (RCT), or A/B test, in which users are randomly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Ido Bright , Arthur Delarue , Ilan Lobel

We study online bilateral trade, where a learner facilitates repeated exchanges between a buyer and a seller to maximize the Gain From Trade (GFT), i.e., the social welfare. In doing so, the learner must guarantee not to subsidize the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Anna Lunghi , Mattia Piccinato , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi