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In periodically driven (Floquet) systems, evolution typically results in an infinite-temperature thermal state due to continuous energy absorption over time. However, before reaching thermal equilibrium, such systems may transiently pass…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Kazuya Shinjo , Kazuhiro Seki , Tomonori Shirakawa , Rong-Yang Sun , Seiji Yunoki

Time crystals are a phase of matter, for which the discrete time symmetry of the driving Hamiltonian is spontaneously broken. The breaking of discrete time symmetry has been observed in several experiments in driven spin systems. Here, we…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-11-07 Jasper Smits , Lei Liao , Henk Stoof , Peter van der Straten

A discrete time crystal is a phase unique to nonequilibrium systems, where discrete time translation symmetry is spontaneously broken. Most of conventional time crystals proposed so far rely on spontaneous breaking of on-site symmetries and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-30 Kaoru Mizuta , Kazuaki Takasan , Masaya Nakagawa , Norio Kawakami

The stability of a discrete time crystal against thermal fluctuations has been studied numerically by solving a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of a periodically-driven classical system composed of interacting spins, each of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-24 Mingxi Yue , Xiaoqin Yang , Zi Cai

We propose and characterize protocols to realize eternal discrete time crystals (DTCs) in the periodically driven central spin model. These eternal DTCs exhibit perfect periodic revivals of the initial state at a time $mnT$ (where $n>1$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Hillol Biswas , Sayan Choudhury

We investigate the out-of-equilibrium properties of a system of interacting bosons in a ring lattice. We present a Floquet driving that induces clockwise (counterclockwise) circulation of the particles among the odd (even) sites of the ring…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-10-16 Andrea Pizzi , Johannes Knolle , Andreas Nunnenkamp

We demonstrate the existence of prethermal discrete time crystals whose sub-harmonic response is entirely localized to zero-dimensional corner modes. Within the exponentially long prethermal regime, we show that the robustness of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Si Jiang , Dong Yuan , Wenjie Jiang , Dong-Ling Deng , Francisco Machado

We analytically identify a new class of quantum scars protected by spatiotemporal translation symmetries, dubbed Floquet-Bloch scars. They distinguish from previous (quasi-)static scars by a rigid spectral pairing only possible in Floquet…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-09-20 Biao Huang , Tsz-Him Leung , Dan Stamper-Kurn , W. Vincent Liu

Time crystals are unexpected states of matter that spontaneously break time translation symmetry either in a discrete or continuous manner. However, spatially-mesoscale space-time crystals that break both the space and time symmetries have…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Hanqing Zhao , Ivan I. Smalyukh

We investigate the transverse field Ising model subject to a two-step periodic driving protocol and quasiperiodic modulation of the Ising couplings. Analytical results on the phase boundaries associated with Majorana edge modes and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-11-17 Pengfei Liang , Rosario Fazio , Stefano Chesi

This paper presents a space-time-wise orthogonal analysis of space-time crystals. This analysis provides a solution consisting of a pair of explicit parametric equations that result from a separate application of the Bloch-Floquet theorem…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-16 Zoé-Lise Deck-Léger , Amir Bahrami , Zhiyu Li , Christophe Caloz

The traditional systems researched in condensed matter physics always have spatial translation symmetry. However for space-time crystal systems, the spatial translation symmetry is no longer preserved and the lattice potential have…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Shu-Xuan Wang , Shaolong Wan

Coherent time is a characteristic time in the extreme nonlinear optics regime and thus generally introduced as the dephasing time in the simulations of the solid-state high-harmonic generation. This characteristic time linked with the…

Optics · Physics 2019-11-13 Tao-Yuan Du

We introduce a qudit-native framework for engineering rich and robust discrete time crystals (DTCs) by leveraging their internal multilevel structure. Unlike in qubit systems, qudit-based DTCs exhibit distinct dynamical mechanisms that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Wei-Guo Ma , Heng Fan , Shi-Xin Zhang

A fractal approach to numerical analysis of electromagnetic space-time crystals, created by three standing plane harmonic waves with mutually orthogonal phase planes and the same frequency, is presented. Finite models of electromagnetic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 G. N. Borzdov

Controlling the decoherence induced by the interaction of quantum system with its environment is a fundamental challenge in quantum technology. Utilizing Floquet theory, we explore the constructive role of temporal periodic driving in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Chong Chen , Jun-Hong An , Hong-Gang Luo , C. P. Sun , C. H. Oh

Many-body quantum systems, under suitable conditions, exhibit time-translation symmetry breaking and settle in a discrete time crystalline (DTC) phase -- an out-of-equilibrium quantum phase of matter. The defining feature of DTC is a robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Gourab Das , Saptarshi Saha , Rangeet Bhattacharyya

Discrete time crystals are a many-body state of matter where the extensive system's dynamics are slower than the forces acting on it. Nowadays, there is a growing debate regarding the specific properties required to demonstrate such a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Toni L. Heugel , Matthias Oscity , Alexander Eichler , Oded Zilberberg , R. Chitra

The notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been well established to characterize classical and quantum phase transitions of matter, such as in condensation, crystallization or quantum magnetism. Generalizations of this paradigm to the…

The formation of a phase of matter can be associated with the spontaneous breaking of a symmetry. For crystallization, this broken symmetry is the spatial translation symmetry, as the atoms spontaneously localize in a periodic fashion. In…

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