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These notes provide a self-contained introduction to kernel methods and their geometric foundations in machine learning. Starting from the construction of Hilbert spaces, we develop the theory of positive definite kernels, reproducing…

This is a tutorial and survey paper on kernels, kernel methods, and related fields. We start with reviewing the history of kernels in functional analysis and machine learning. Then, Mercer kernel, Hilbert and Banach spaces, Reproducing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-17 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

We present several generative and predictive algorithms based on the RKHS (reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) methodology, which, most importantly, are scale up efficiently with large datasets or high-dimensional data. It is well recognized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Philippe G. LeFloch , Jean-Marc Mercier , Shohruh Miryusupov

We review machine learning methods employing positive definite kernels. These methods formulate learning and estimation problems in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of functions defined on the data domain, expanded in terms of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Thomas Hofmann , Bernhard Schölkopf , Alexander J. Smola

Motivated by the growing interest in representation learning approaches that uncover the latent structure of high-dimensional data, this work proposes new algorithms for reconstruction-based manifold learning within Reproducing-Kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Enrique Feito-Casares , Francisco M. Melgarejo-Meseguer , José-Luis Rojo-Álvarez

We present a unified theoretical and computational framework for constructing reproducing kernels tailored to transport equations and adapted to Koopman eigenfunctions of nonlinear dynamical systems. These eigenfunctions satisfy a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Boumediene Hamzi , Houman Owhadi , Umesh Vaidya

Building highly non-linear and non-parametric models is central to several state-of-the-art machine learning systems. Kernel methods form an important class of techniques that induce a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) for inferring…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-16 Huan Song , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Prasanna Sattigeri , Andreas Spanias

In this paper, we consider the coefficient-based regularized distribution regression which aims to regress from probability measures to real-valued responses over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), where the regularization is put on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-29 Yuan Mao , Lei Shi , Zheng-Chu Guo

Kernel methods approximate nonlinear maps in a data-driven manner by projecting the target map onto a finite-dimensional Hilbert space called the solution space. Traditionally, this space is a subspace of a fixed ambient reproducing kernel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Tamás Dózsa , Andrea Angino , Zoltán Szabó , József Bokor , Matthias Voigt

In a general context of positive definite kernels $k$, we develop tools and algorithms for sampling in reproducing kernel Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ (RKHS). With reference to these RKHSs, our results allow inference from samples; more…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-01-28 Palle Jorgensen , Feng Tian

Modeling dynamical systems with ordinary differential equations implies a mechanistic view of the process underlying the dynamics. However in many cases, this knowledge is not available. To overcome this issue, we introduce a general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-20 Markus Heinonen , Florence d'Alché-Buc

This article presents a general framework for the transport of probability measures towards minimum divergence generative modeling and sampling using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-14 Biraj Pandey , Bamdad Hosseini , Pau Batlle , Houman Owhadi

Kernel methods have been among the most popular techniques in machine learning, where learning tasks are solved using the property of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this paper, we propose a novel data analysis framework with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-22 Yuka Hashimoto , Isao Ishikawa , Masahiro Ikeda , Fuyuta Komura , Takeshi Katsura , Yoshinobu Kawahara

We develop a stochastic approximation framework for learning nonlinear operators between infinite-dimensional spaces utilizing general Mercer operator-valued kernels. Our framework encompasses two key classes: (i) compact kernels, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Jia-Qi Yang , Lei Shi

In this paper, we introduce a new distribution regression model for probability distributions. This model is based on a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) regression framework, where universal kernels are built using Wasserstein…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-07 Thi Thien Trang Bui , J-M Loubes , Laurent Risser , Patricia Balaresque

Kernel methods have been among the most popular techniques in machine learning, where learning tasks are solved using the property of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this paper, we propose a novel data analysis framework with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Yuka Hashimoto , Isao Ishikawa , Masahiro Ikeda , Fuyuta Komura , Takeshi Katsura , Yoshinobu Kawahara

This monograph studies the relations between two approaches using positive definite kernels: probabilistic methods using Gaussian processes, and non-probabilistic methods using reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). They are widely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-24 Motonobu Kanagawa , Philipp Hennig , Dino Sejdinovic , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

In order to fully utilize "big data", it is often required to use "big models". Such models tend to grow with the complexity and size of the training data, and do not make strong parametric assumptions upfront on the nature of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-17 Vikas Sindhwani , Haim Avron

A Hilbert space embedding of a distribution---in short, a kernel mean embedding---has recently emerged as a powerful tool for machine learning and inference. The basic idea behind this framework is to map distributions into a reproducing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-15 Krikamol Muandet , Kenji Fukumizu , Bharath Sriperumbudur , Bernhard Schölkopf

This survey is an introduction to positive definite kernels and the set of methods they have inspired in the machine learning literature, namely kernel methods. We first discuss some properties of positive definite kernels as well as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-12-04 Marco Cuturi
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