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We consider robustness against data corruption in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning from human feedback (MARLHF) under a strong-contamination model: given a dataset $D$ of trajectory-preference tuples (each preference being an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Andi Nika , Debmalya Mandal , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Adish Singla , Goran Radanović

We investigate the problem of corruption robustness in offline reinforcement learning (RL) with general function approximation, where an adversary can corrupt each sample in the offline dataset, and the corruption level $\zeta\geq0$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Chenlu Ye , Rui Yang , Quanquan Gu , Tong Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for learning reinforced policies from offline datasets without the need for costly or unsafe interactions with the environment. However, datasets collected by humans in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Rui Yang , Han Zhong , Jiawei Xu , Amy Zhang , Chongjie Zhang , Lei Han , Tong Zhang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) provides a principled framework for aligning AI systems with human preference data. For various reasons, e.g., personal bias, context ambiguity, lack of training, etc, human annotators may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Alexander Bukharin , Ilgee Hong , Haoming Jiang , Zichong Li , Qingru Zhang , Zixuan Zhang , Tuo Zhao

This paper studies Learning from Imperfect Human Feedback (LIHF), addressing the potential irrationality or imperfect perception when learning from comparative human feedback. Building on evidences that human's imperfection decays over time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yuwei Cheng , Fan Yao , Xuefeng Liu , Haifeng Xu

We study the adversarial robustness in offline reinforcement learning. Given a batch dataset consisting of tuples $(s, a, r, s')$, an adversary is allowed to arbitrarily modify $\epsilon$ fraction of the tuples. From the corrupted dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xuezhou Zhang , Yiding Chen , Jerry Zhu , Wen Sun

Learning policy from offline datasets through offline reinforcement learning (RL) holds promise for scaling data-driven decision-making while avoiding unsafe and costly online interactions. However, real-world data collected from sensors or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiawei Xu , Rui Yang , Shuang Qiu , Feng Luo , Meng Fang , Baoxiang Wang , Lei Han

We investigate robustness to strong data corruption in offline sparse reinforcement learning (RL). In our setting, an adversary may arbitrarily perturb a fraction of the collected trajectories from a high-dimensional but sparse Markov…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Nam Phuong Tran , Andi Nika , Goran Radanovic , Long Tran-Thanh , Debmalya Mandal

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has evolved to be one of the main methods for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). However, existing RLHF methods are non-robust, and their performance deteriorates if the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Debmalya Mandal , Paulius Sasnauskas , Goran Radanovic

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) are pivotal methodologies in reward learning, which involve inferring and shaping the underlying reward function of sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Kihyun Kim , Jiawei Zhang , Asuman Ozdaglar , Pablo A. Parrilo

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) allows us to train models, such as language models (LMs), to follow complex human preferences. In RLHF for LMs, we first train an LM using supervised fine-tuning, sample pairs of responses,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Johannes Ackermann , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a central framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its practical success, RLHF raises fundamental statistical questions because it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Pangpang Liu , Chengchun Shi , Will Wei Sun

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key technique for aligning the output of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. To learn the reward function, most existing RLHF algorithms use the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-11 Kai Ye , Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Francesco Quinzan , Chengchun Shi

We present the workflow of Online Iterative Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in this technical report, which is widely reported to outperform its offline counterpart by a large margin in the recent large language model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Hanze Dong , Wei Xiong , Bo Pang , Haoxiang Wang , Han Zhao , Yingbo Zhou , Nan Jiang , Doyen Sahoo , Caiming Xiong , Tong Zhang

Reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), which learns a reward model from human preference data and then optimizes a policy to favor preferred responses, has emerged as a central paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-29 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the effects of noisy labels in offline alignment, with a focus on the interplay between privacy and robustness against adversarial corruption. Specifically, under linear modeling assumptions, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xingyu Zhou , Yulian Wu , Francesco Orabona

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a popular paradigm for aligning models with human intent. Typically RLHF algorithms operate in two phases: first, use human preferences to learn a reward function and second,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Joey Hejna , Rafael Rafailov , Harshit Sikchi , Chelsea Finn , Scott Niekum , W. Bradley Knox , Dorsa Sadigh

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has achieved impressive empirical successes while relying on a small amount of human feedback. However, there is limited theoretical justification for this phenomenon. Additionally, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yihan Du , Anna Winnicki , Gal Dalal , Shie Mannor , R. Srikant

In performative Reinforcement Learning (RL), an agent faces a policy-dependent environment: the reward and transition functions depend on the agent's policy. Prior work on performative RL has studied the convergence of repeated retraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Vasilis Pollatos , Debmalya Mandal , Goran Radanovic

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a variant of reinforcement learning (RL) that learns from human feedback instead of relying on an engineered reward function. Building on prior work on the related setting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Timo Kaufmann , Paul Weng , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier
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