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The goal of fair clustering is to find clusters such that the proportion of sensitive attributes (e.g., gender, race, etc.) in each cluster is similar to that of the entire dataset. Various fair clustering algorithms have been proposed that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-26 Jinwon Park , Kunwoong Kim , Jihu Lee , Yongdai Kim

The sum of radii problem ($k$-MSR) asks, given a metric space on $n$ points, to place $k$ balls covering all points so as to minimize the sum of their radii. Despite extensive study from the perspectives of approximation and parameterized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ameet Gadekar

We consider the online $k$-median clustering problem in which $n$ points arrive online and must be irrevocably assigned to a cluster on arrival. As there are lower bound instances that show that an online algorithm cannot achieve a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Benjamin Moseley , Heather Newman , Kirk Pruhs

Fairness of decision-making algorithms is an increasingly important issue. In this paper, we focus on spectral clustering with group fairness constraints, where every demographic group is represented in each cluster proportionally as in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Francesco Tonin , Alex Lambert , Johan A. K. Suykens , Volkan Cevher

Many clustering algorithms are guided by certain cost functions such as the widely-used $k$-means cost. These algorithms divide data points into clusters with often complicated boundaries, creating difficulties in explaining the clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Moses Charikar , Lunjia Hu

In metric $k$-clustering, we are given as input a set of $n$ points in a general metric space, and we have to pick $k$ centers and cluster the input points around these chosen centers, so as to minimize an appropriate objective function. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Sayan Bhattacharya , Martín Costa , Ermiya Farokhnejad

We study (Euclidean) $k$-median and $k$-means with constraints in the streaming model. There have been recent efforts to design unified algorithms to solve constrained $k$-means problems without using knowledge of the specific constraint at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Melanie Schmidt , Julian Wargalla

The $k$-means problem is a classic objective for modeling clustering in a metric space. Given a set of points in a metric space, the goal is to find $k$ representative points so as to minimize the sum of the squared distances from each…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Karthik C. S. , David Saulpic , Chris Schwiegelshohn

Clustering is a fundamental task in machine learning and data analysis, but it frequently fails to provide fair representation for various marginalized communities defined by multiple protected attributes -- a shortcoming often caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Diptarka Chakraborty , Kushagra Chatterjee , Debarati Das , Tien-Long Nguyen

The applicability of agglomerative clustering, for inferring both hierarchical and flat clustering, is limited by its scalability. Existing scalable hierarchical clustering methods sacrifice quality for speed and often lead to over-merging…

We study the problem of differentially private clustering under input-stability assumptions. Despite the ever-growing volume of works on differential privacy in general and differentially private clustering in particular, only three works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Moshe Shechner

In this work, we study the hardness of approximation of the fair $k$-center problem. In this problem, we are given a set of data points in a metric space that is partitioned into groups and the task is to choose a subset of $k$-data points,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Suhas Thejaswi

Given a set of points, clustering consists of finding a partition of a point set into $k$ clusters such that the center to which a point is assigned is as close as possible. Most commonly, centers are points themselves, which leads to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Matilde Fjeldsø Larsen , Chris Schwiegelshohn , Mads Bech Toftrup

We consider the problem of approximate $K$-means clustering with outliers and side information provided by same-cluster queries and possibly noisy answers. Our solution shows that, under some mild assumptions on the smallest cluster size,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-13 I Chien , Chao Pan , Olgica Milenkovic

We consider online $k$-means clustering where each new point is assigned to the nearest cluster center, after which the algorithm may update its centers. The loss incurred is the sum of squared distances from new points to their assigned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Robi Bhattacharjee , Jacob Imola , Michal Moshkovitz , Sanjoy Dasgupta

Given the widespread popularity of spectral clustering (SC) for partitioning graph data, we study a version of constrained SC in which we try to incorporate the fairness notion proposed by Chierichetti et al. (2017). According to this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-14 Matthäus Kleindessner , Samira Samadi , Pranjal Awasthi , Jamie Morgenstern

We propose a new variant of the k-median problem, where the objective function models not only the cost of assigning data points to cluster representatives, but also a penalty term for disagreement among the representatives. We motivate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Bruno Ordozgoiti , Aristides Gionis

In this paper, we give a conditional lower bound of $n^{\Omega(k)}$ on running time for the classic k-median and k-means clustering objectives (where n is the size of the input), even in low-dimensional Euclidean space of dimension four,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Arnaud de Mesmay , Eva Rotenberg , Alan Roytman

We present a $k$-means-based clustering algorithm, which optimizes the mean square error, for given cluster sizes. A straightforward application is balanced clustering, where the sizes of each cluster are equal. In the $k$-means assignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mikko I. Malinen , Pasi Fränti

Clustering is a basic task in data analysis and machine learning, and the optimization of clustering objectives are well-studied optimization problems; amongst these, the $k$-Means objective is arguably the most well known. Given a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Moses Charikar , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Ruiquan Gao , Fabrizio Grandoni , Euiwoong Lee , Ernest van Wijland