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This study investigates the application of large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, with Chain-of-Though (CoT) in the automatic scoring of student-written responses to science assessments. We focused on overcoming the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Gyeong-Geon Lee , Ehsan Latif , Xuansheng Wu , Ninghao Liu , Xiaoming Zhai

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have been driven bypretrained language models like BERT, RoBERTa, T5, and GPT. Thesemodels excel at understanding complex texts, but biomedical literature, withits domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 K. Sahit Reddy , N. Ragavenderan , Vasanth K. , Ganesh N. Naik , Vishalakshi Prabhu , Nagaraja G. S

Recently, the pre-trained language model, BERT (and its robustly optimized version RoBERTa), has attracted a lot of attention in natural language understanding (NLU), and achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in various NLU tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Wei Wang , Bin Bi , Ming Yan , Chen Wu , Zuyi Bao , Jiangnan Xia , Liwei Peng , Luo Si

Assessing writing in large classes for formal or informal learners presents a significant challenge. Consequently, most large classes, particularly in science, rely on objective assessment tools such as multiple-choice quizzes, which have a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Chris Impey , Matthew Wenger , Nikhil Garuda , Shahriar Golchin , Sarah Stamer

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is crucial to have benchmarks which can evaluate the ability of LLMs on different domains. One common use of LLMs is performing tasks on scientific topics, such as writing…

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has been explored for decades with the goal to support teachers by reducing grading workload and mitigating subjective biases. While early systems relied on handcrafted features and statistical models, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jonas Kubesch , Lena Huber , Clemens Havas

Recent research has achieved impressive results on understanding and improving source code by building up on machine-learning techniques developed for natural languages. A significant advancement in natural-language understanding has come…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Aditya Kanade , Petros Maniatis , Gogul Balakrishnan , Kensen Shi

Prior work on scientific question answering has largely emphasized chatbot-style systems, with limited exploration of fine-tuning foundation models for domain-specific reasoning. In this study, we developed a chatbot for the University of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Aurélie Montfrond

An overwhelmingly large amount of knowledge in the materials domain is generated and stored as text published in peer-reviewed scientific literature. Recent developments in natural language processing, such as bidirectional encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Tanishq Gupta , Mohd Zaki , N. M. Anoop Krishnan , Mausam

Text readability assessment has a wide range of applications for different target people, from language learners to people with disabilities. The fast pace of textual content production on the web makes it impossible to measure text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Salar Mohtaj , Babak Naderi , Sebastian Möller , Faraz Maschhur , Chuyang Wu , Max Reinhard

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) holds significant promise in the field of education, helping educators to mark larger volumes of essays and provide timely feedback. However, Arabic AES research has been limited by the lack of publicly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Rayed Ghazawi , Edwin Simpson

This study proposes a method for knowledge distillation (KD) of fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient, and accurate neural networks. We specifically target the challenge of deploying these models on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Ehsan Latif , Luyang Fang , Ping Ma , Xiaoming Zhai

Since adaptive learning comes in many shapes and sizes, it is crucial to find out which adaptations can be meaningful for which areas of learning. Our work presents the result of an experiment conducted on an online platform for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Nathalie Rzepka , Katharina Simbeck , Hans-Georg Mueller , Marlene Bueltemann , Niels Pinkwart

We support scientific writers in determining whether a written sentence is scientific, to which section it belongs, and suggest paraphrasings to improve the sentence. Firstly, we propose a regression model trained on a corpus of scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Justin Mücke , Daria Waldow , Luise Metzger , Philipp Schauz , Marcel Hoffman , Nicolas Lell , Ansgar Scherp

We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

Presented here is a method for automatic punctuation restoration in Swedish using a BERT model. The method is based on KB-BERT, a publicly available, neural network language model pre-trained on a Swedish corpus by National Library of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 John Björkman Nilsson

Nowadays, metadata information is often given by the authors themselves upon submission. However, a significant part of already existing research papers have missing or incomplete metadata information. German scientific papers come in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Azeddine Bouabdallah , Jorge Gavilan , Jennifer Gerbl , Prayuth Patumcharoenpol

Tremendous amounts of multimedia associated with speech information are driving an urgent need to develop efficient and effective automatic summarization methods. To this end, we have seen rapid progress in applying supervised deep neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Shi-Yan Weng , Tien-Hong Lo , Berlin Chen

This study investigated potential scoring biases and disparities toward English Language Learners (ELLs) when using automatic scoring systems for middle school students' written responses to science assessments. We specifically focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shuchen Guo , Yun Wang , Jichao Yu , Xuansheng Wu , Bilgehan Ayik , Field M. Watts , Ehsan Latif , Ninghao Liu , Lei Liu , Xiaoming Zhai

Reliable methods for automatic readability assessment have the potential to impact a variety of fields, ranging from machine translation to self-informed learning. Recently, large language models for the German language (such as GBERT and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Patrick Gustav Blaneck , Tobias Bornheim , Niklas Grieger , Stephan Bialonski