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Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) is one of the major approaches in reliability engineering which allows accurate estimation of reliability characteristics of highly reliable systems within a relatively short time. The testing data are…
Evaluating the ethical robustness of large language models (LLMs) deployed in software systems remains challenging, particularly under sustained adversarial user interaction. Existing safety benchmarks typically rely on single-round…
In this paper we present robust estimators for one-shot device test data under lognormal lifetimes. Based on these estimators, confidence intervals and Wald-type tests are also developed. Their robustness feature is illustrated through a…
In large epidemiologic studies, it is typical for an inexpensive, non-invasive procedure to be used to record disease status during regular follow-up visits, with less frequent assessment by a gold standard test. Inexpensive outcome…
Hazard ratios are ubiquitously used in time to event analysis to quantify treatment effects. Although hazard ratios are invaluable for hypothesis testing, other measures of association, both relative and absolute, may be used to fully…
Many safety-critical scientific and engineering systems evolve according to differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), where dynamical behavior is constrained by physical laws and admissibility conditions. In practice, these systems operate…
In clinical follow-up studies with a time-to-event end point, the difference in the restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a suitable substitute for the hazard ratio (HR). However, the RMST only measures the survival of patients over a…
Semiconductors are widely used in various applications and critical infrastructures. These devices have specified lifetimes and quality targets that manufacturers must achieve. Lifetime estimation is conducted through accelerated stress…
As the use of machine learning in high impact domains becomes widespread, the importance of evaluating safety has increased. An important aspect of this is evaluating how robust a model is to changes in setting or population, which…
Stepped wedge designs (SWDs) are increasingly used to evaluate longitudinal cluster-level interventions but pose substantial challenges for valid inference. Because crossover times are randomized, intervention effects are intrinsically…
Well-known for its simplicity and effectiveness in classification, AdaBoost, however, suffers from overfitting when class-conditional distributions have significant overlap. Moreover, it is very sensitive to noise that appears in the…
Randomized clinical trials are often designed to assess whether a test treatment prolongs survival relative to a control treatment. Increased patient heterogeneity, while desirable for generalizability of results, can weaken the ability of…
In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic approach to risk assessment of robot systems by focusing on the impact of uncertainties. While various approaches to identifying systematic hazards (e.g., bugs, design flaws, etc.) can be found in…
Remarkable progress has been made in difference-in-differences (DID) approaches to causal inference that estimate the average effect of a treatment on the treated (ATT). Of these, the semiparametric DID (SDID) approach incorporates a…
Most statistical tests for treatment effects used in randomized clinical trials with survival outcomes are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which often fails in practice. Data from early exploratory studies may provide evidence…
A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial is a type of longitudinal cluster design that sequentially switches clusters to intervention over time until all clusters are treated. While the traditional posttest-only parallel design requires…
Two new test statistics are introduced to test the null hypotheses that the sampling distribution has an increasing hazard rate on a specified interval [0,a]. These statistics are empirical L_1-type distances between the isotonic estimates,…
Accelerated destructive degradation tests (ADDT) are widely used in industry to evaluate materials' long term properties. Even though there has been tremendous statistical research in nonparametric methods, the current industrial practice…
Adaptive designs have been proposed for clinical trials in which the nuisance parameters or alternative of interest are unknown or likely to be misspecified before the trial. Whereas most previous works on adaptive designs and mid-course…
Validating the safety of autonomous systems generally requires the use of high-fidelity simulators that adequately capture the variability of real-world scenarios. However, it is generally not feasible to exhaustively search the space of…