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If only limited control over a multiparticle quantum system is available, a viable method to characterize correlations is to perform random measurements and consider the moments of the resulting probability distribution. We present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-23 Satoya Imai , Nikolai Wyderka , Andreas Ketterer , Otfried Gühne

Quantum entanglement is usually revealed via a well aligned, carefully chosen set of measurements. Yet, under a number of experimental conditions, for example in communication within multiparty quantum networks, noise along the channels or…

Suppose we have an unknown multipartite quantum state, how can we experimentally find out whether it is genuine multipartite entangled or not? Recall that even for a bipartite quantum state whose density matrix is known, it is already…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-16 Zhenyu Chen , Xiaodie Lin , Zhaohui Wei

Higher-dimensional entanglement is a valuable resource for several quantum information processing tasks, and is often characterized by the Schmidt number and specific classes of entangled states beyond qubit-qubit and qubit-qutrit systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Bivas Mallick , Ananda G. Maity , Nirman Ganguly , A. S. Majumdar

Multipartite entanglement is the premier resource for quantum technologies. Yet, its exact quantification in the laboratory is notoriously challenging, typically requiring the full knowledge of high dimensional quantum states. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Francois Payn , Davide Girolami

Noise can be considered the natural enemy of quantum information. An often implied benefit of high-dimensional entanglement is its increased resilience to noise. However, manifesting this potential in an experimentally meaningful fashion is…

The characterization of high-dimensional entanglement plays a crucial role in the field of quantum information science. Conventional entanglement criteria measuring coherent superpositions of multiple basis states face experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Jin-Min Liang , Shuheng Liu , Shao-Ming Fei , Qiongyi He

Entanglement detection is one of the most conventional tasks in quantum information processing. While most experimental demonstrations of high-dimensional entanglement rely on fidelity-based witnesses, these are powerless to detect…

Entanglement is a unique nature of quantum theory and has tremendous potential for application. Nevertheless, the complexity of quantum entanglement grows exponentially with an increase in the number of entangled particles. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 S. M. Zangi , Jun-Li Li , Cong-Feng Qiao

High-order entanglement embedded in multipartite multilevel quantum systems (qudits) with many degrees of freedom (DOFs) plays an important role in quantum foundation and quantum engineering. Verifying high-order entanglement without the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Che-Ming Li , Kai Chen , Andreas Reingruber , Yueh-Nan Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

The resources needed to conventionally characterize a quantum system are overwhelmingly large for high- dimensional systems. This obstacle may be overcome by abandoning traditional cornerstones of quantum measurement, such as general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-17 Gregory A. Howland , Samuel H. Knarr , James Schneeloch , Daniel J. Lum , John C. Howell

Entanglement is the powerful and enigmatic resource central to quantum information processing, which promises capabilities in computing, simulation, secure communication, and metrology beyond what is possible for classical devices. Exactly…

Entanglement and quantum interference are key ingredients in a variety of quantum information processing tasks. Harnessing the generation and characterization of entanglement in high-dimensional state spaces is a necessary prerequisite…

Nature allows one to explore a manifold of remarkable quantum effects. Most prominently, quantum entanglement can be observed in many-particle systems, between multiple quantized fields, and in hybrid combinations thereof. This diversity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Jan Sperling , Elizabeth Agudelo

A system of three or four particle can be entangled in a number of different ways. It may be the case that only subsets of the particles are entangled, and these subsets are not entangled with each other. It may also be the case that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Mark Hillery

We derive hierarchies of separability criteria that identify the different degrees of entanglement ranging from bipartite to genuine multi-partite in mixed quantum states of arbitrary size.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Federico Levi , Florian Mintert

We present a review of the problem of finding out whether a quantum state of two or more parties is entangled or separable. After a formal definition of entangled states, we present a few criteria for identifying entangled states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Sreetama Das , Titas Chanda , Maciej Lewenstein , Anna Sanpera , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

Entanglement -- the coherent correlations between parties in a joint quantum system -- is well-understood and quantifiable in the two-dimensional, two-party case. Higher (>2)-dimensional entangled systems hold promise in extending the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-20 Alexandria J. Moore , Andrew M. Weiner

The detection of multipartite entanglement in arbitrary dimensional systems is investigated. We derive useful $k$-separability criteria of mixed $n$-partite ($n\geq 3$) quantum states to detect $k$-nonseparable $n$-partite quantum states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-17 Ting Gao , Yan Hong

We prove experimentally the predicted existence of a three-qubit quantum state with genuine multipartite entanglement which can be certified solely from its separable two-qubit reduced density matrices. The qubits are encoded into different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Michal Mičuda , Robert Stárek , Jan Provazník , Olga Leskovjanová , Ladislav Mišta,