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The Optimal power flow (OPF) problem contains many constraints. However, equality constraints along with a limited set of active inequality constraints encompass sufficient information to determine the feasible space of the problem. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Fouad Hasan , Amin Kargarian , Javad Mohammadi

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) approaches for the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem received considerable attention recently. A key challenge of these approaches lies in ensuring the feasibility of the predicted solutions to physical system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Tianyu Zhao , Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Andreas Venzke , Steven H. Low

With increasing share of renewables in power generation mix, system operators would need to run Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems closer to real-time to better manage uncertainty. Given that OPF is an expensive optimization problem to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-22 Alex Robson , Mahdi Jamei , Cozmin Ududec , Letif Mones

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is funda- mental in power distribution networks control and operation that underlies many important applications such as volt/var control and demand response, etc.. Large-scale highly volatile renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-22 Qiuyu Peng , Steven Low

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

Accurate and efficient power flow (PF) analysis is crucial in modern electrical networks' operation and planning. Therefore, there is a need for scalable algorithms that can provide accurate and fast solutions for both small and large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Nan Lin , Stavros Orfanoudakis , Nathan Ordonez Cardenas , Juan S. Giraldo , Pedro P. Vergara

This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a very fundamental but vital optimization problem in the power system, which aims at solving a specific objective function (ex.: generator costs) while maintaining the system in the stable and safe operations. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Yuhao Zhou , Bei Zhang , Chunlei Xu , Tu Lan , Ruisheng Diao , Di Shi , Zhiwei Wang , Wei-Jen Lee

High percentage penetrations of renewable energy generations introduce significant uncertainty into power systems. It requires grid operators to solve alternative current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems more frequently for economical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-04 Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Tianyu Zhao , Steven H. Low

We propose an end-to-end framework based on a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to balance the power flows in energy grids. The balancing is framed as a supervised vertex regression task, where the GNN is trained to predict the current and power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Jonas Berg Hansen , Stian Normann Anfinsen , Filippo Maria Bianchi

We investigate the utility of graph neural networks (GNNs) as proxies of power grid operational decision-making algorithms (optimal power flow (OPF) and security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC)) to enable rigorous quantification of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Yadong Zhang , Pranav M Karve , Sankaran Mahadevan

There has been a significant growth of variable renewable generation in the power grid today. However, the industry still uses deterministic optimization to model and solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem for real-time generation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Xingpeng Li , Qianxue Xia

The real-time electricity market with the integration of renewable energies and electric vehicles have been receiving significant attention recently. So far most of the literature addresses the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-24 Adrian-Petru Surani , Rahul Sahetiya

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

Linear approximation commonly used in solving alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) simplifies the system models but incurs accumulated voltage errors in large power networks. Such errors will make the primal-dual type gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

A prominent challenge to the safe and optimal operation of the modern power grid arises due to growing uncertainties in loads and renewables. Stochastic optimal power flow (SOPF) formulations provide a mechanism to handle these…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Sarthak Gupta , Sidhant Misra , Deepjyoti Deka , Vassilis Kekatos

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most important optimization problems for the operation of the power grid. It calculates the optimum scheduling of the committed generation units. In this paper, we develop a neural network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-31 Wenqian Dong , Zhen Xie , Gokcen Kestor , Dong Li

Electric power grids are essential components of modern life, delivering reliable power to end-users while adhering to a multitude of engineering constraints and requirements. In grid operations, the Optimal Power Flow problem plays a key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Mostafa Mohammadian , Anna Van Boven , Kyri Baker

Optimal power flow problems (OPFs) are mathematical programs used to determine how to distribute power over networks subject to network operation constraints and the physics of power flows. In this work, we take the view of treating an OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Fengyu Zhou , James Anderson , Steven H. Low