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Causal inference is a crucial goal of science, enabling researchers to arrive at meaningful conclusions regarding the predictions of hypothetical interventions using observational data. Path models, Structural Equation Models (SEMs), and,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-11 Matthew J. Vowels

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a popular framework to express multivariate probability distributions. Acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs) are generalizations of DAGs that can succinctly capture much richer sets of conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-09-01 Ricardo Silva , Charles Blundell , Yee Whye Teh

Causal representation learning (CRL) seeks to uncover meaningful latent variables and their corresponding causal structure from high-dimensional observational data. Although its significance, CRL identifiability remains a crucial property,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Manal Benhamza , Marianne Clausel , Myriam Tami

We consider a binary response which is potentially affected by a set of continuous variables. Of special interest is the causal effect on the response due to an intervention on a specific variable. The latter can be meaningfully determined…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-11 Federico Castelletti , Guido Consonni

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are central to uncovering causal structure in complex systems, yet learning a single DAG from data is often challenging: model uncertainty, finite samples, and a combinatorially large search space frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yunan Wu , Yue Wang , Chunlin Li , Chenglong Ye

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

Identification theory for causal effects in causal models associated with hidden variable directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is well studied. However, the corresponding algorithms are underused due to the complexity of estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

Causal structure learning from observational data remains a non-trivial task due to various factors such as finite sampling, unobserved confounding factors, and measurement errors. Constraint-based and score-based methods tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Rezaur Rashid , Jawad Chowdhury , Gabriel Terejanu

This paper considers inference of causal structure in a class of graphical models called "conditional DAGs". These are directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with two kinds of variables, primary and secondary. The secondary variables are used…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-12 Chris J. Oates , Jim Q. Smith , Sach Mukherjee

The causal dependence in data is often characterized by Directed Acyclic Graphical (DAG) models, widely used in many areas. Causal discovery aims to recover the DAG structure using observational data. This paper focuses on causal discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Boxin Zhao , Weishi Wang , Dingyuan Zhu , Ziqi Liu , Dong Wang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Mladen Kolar

Causal relationships among a set of variables are commonly represented by a directed acyclic graph. The orientations of some edges in the causal DAG can be discovered from observational/interventional data. Further edges can be oriented by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Ramin Safaeian , Saber Salehkaleybar , Mahmoud Tabandeh

Real-world networks grow over time; statistical models based on node exchangeability are not appropriate. Instead of constraining the structure of the \textit{distribution} of edges, we propose that the relevant symmetries refer to the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Gecia Bravo-Hermsdorff , Lee M. Gunderson , Kayvan Sadeghi

Traditional causal discovery methods often depend on strong, untestable assumptions, making them unreliable in real-world applications. In this context, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative for extracting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Federico Baldo , Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework to model causal relationships among variables in multivariate settings; in addition, through the do-calculus theory, they allow for the identification and estimation of causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-31 Federico Castelletti , Alessandro Mascaro

We consider the problem of learning causal Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) using combinations of observational and interventional experimental data. Current methods tailored to this setting assume that interventions either destroy…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-04 Alessandro Mascaro , Federico Castelletti

Deep generative models with latent variables have been used lately to learn joint representations and generative processes from multi-modal data. These two learning mechanisms can, however, conflict with each other and representations can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Rogelio A. Mancisidor , Michael Kampffmeyer , Kjersti Aas , Robert Jenssen

Recently continuous relaxations have been proposed in order to learn Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) from data by backpropagation, instead of using combinatorial optimization. However, a number of techniques for fully discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Andrew J. Wren , Pasquale Minervini , Luca Franceschi , Valentina Zantedeschi

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are central to science and engineering applications including causal inference, scheduling, and neural architecture search. In this work, we introduce the DAG Convolutional Network (DCN), a novel graph neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Gonzalo Mateos

We give methods for Bayesian inference of directed acyclic graphs, DAGs, and the induced causal effects from passively observed complete data. Our methods build on a recent Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme for learning Bayesian networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Jussi Viinikka , Antti Hyttinen , Johan Pensar , Mikko Koivisto

Recent work has shown promising results in causal discovery by leveraging interventional data with gradient-based methods, even when the intervened variables are unknown. However, previous work assumes that the correspondence between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Gonçalo R. A. Faria , André F. T. Martins , Mário A. T. Figueiredo
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