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How to construct an interpretable autonomous driving decision-making system has become a focal point in academic research. In this study, we propose a novel approach that leverages large language models (LLMs) to generate executable,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Fanzhi Zeng , Siqi Wang , Chuzhao Zhu , Li Li

Rule-based adaptation is a foundational approach to self-adaptation, characterized by its human readability and rapid response. However, building high-performance and robust adaptation rules is often a challenge because it essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yusei Ishimizu , Jialong Li , Jinglue Xu , Jinyu Cai , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei

Integrating large language models (LLMs) in autonomous vehicles enables conversation with AI systems to drive the vehicle. However, it also emphasizes the requirement for such systems to comprehend commands accurately and achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Can Cui , Zichong Yang , Yupeng Zhou , Yunsheng Ma , Juanwu Lu , Lingxi Li , Yaobin Chen , Jitesh Panchal , Ziran Wang

Self-driving vehicles have their own intelligence to drive on open roads. However, vehicle managers, e.g., government or industrial companies, still need a way to tell these self-driving vehicles what behaviors are encouraged or forbidden.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Jiaxin Liu , Wenhui Zhou , Hong Wang , Zhong Cao , Wenhao Yu , Chengxiang Zhao , Ding Zhao , Diange Yang , Jun Li

Human behavior models are essential as behavior references and for simulating human agents in virtual safety assessment of automated vehicles (AVs), yet current models face a trade-off between interpretability and flexibility.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Samir H. A. Mohammad , Wouter Mooi , Arkady Zgonnikov

Large language models (LLMs) excel in open domains but struggle in specialized settings with limited data and evolving knowledge. Existing domain adaptation practices rely heavily on manual trial-and-error processes, incur significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sidharth Sinha , Anson Bastos , Xuchao Zhang , Akshay Nambi , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

Recent advancements in open-source Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as LLaVA, Qwen-VL, and Llama have catalyzed extensive research on their integration with diverse systems. The internet-scale general knowledge encapsulated within these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Cristian Gariboldi , Hayato Tokida , Ken Kinjo , Yuki Asada , Alexander Carballo

The rapid development of Vision-Language models (VLMs) and Multimodal Language Models (MLLMs) in autonomous driving research has significantly reshaped the landscape by enabling richer scene understanding, context-aware reasoning, and more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Karthik Mohan , Sonam Singh , Amit Arvind Kale

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) are revolutionizing transportation by reducing human intervention, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing safety. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into ADSs to support high-level…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yaozu Wu , Dongyuan Li , Yankai Chen , Renhe Jiang , Henry Peng Zou , Wei-Chieh Huang , Yangning Li , Liancheng Fang , Zhen Wang , Philip S. Yu

Autonomous driving has made significant strides through data-driven techniques, achieving robust performance in standardized tasks. However, existing methods frequently overlook user-specific preferences, offering limited scope for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Yicheng Guo , Yuhang Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Human driving behavior is inherently personal, which is shaped by long-term habits and influenced by short-term intentions. Individuals differ in how they accelerate, brake, merge, yield, and overtake across diverse situations. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zehao Wang , Huaide Jiang , Shuaiwu Dong , Yuping Wang , Hang Qiu , Jiachen Li

Motion prediction is among the most fundamental tasks in autonomous driving. Traditional methods of motion forecasting primarily encode vector information of maps and historical trajectory data of traffic participants, lacking a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xiaoji Zheng , Lixiu Wu , Zhijie Yan , Yuanrong Tang , Hao Zhao , Chen Zhong , Bokui Chen , Jiangtao Gong

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have recently been leveraged to generate robotic actions, forming Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. However, directly adapting a pretrained VLM for robotic control remains challenging, particularly when…

We present OpenDriveVLA, a Vision Language Action model designed for end-to-end autonomous driving, built upon open-source large language models. OpenDriveVLA generates spatially grounded driving actions by leveraging multimodal inputs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Xingcheng Zhou , Xuyuan Han , Feng Yang , Yunpu Ma , Volker Tresp , Alois Knoll

Training intelligent agents that can drive autonomously in various urban and highway scenarios has been a hot topic in the robotics society within the last decades. However, the diversity of driving environments in terms of road topology…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has pushed their boundaries to many applications in various domains. Recently, the research community has started to evaluate their potential adoption in autonomous vehicles and especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Petros Loukas , David Bassir , Savvas Chatzichristofis , Angelos Amanatiadis

Autonomous driving demands safe motion planning, especially in critical "long-tail" scenarios. Recent end-to-end autonomous driving systems leverage large language models (LLMs) as planners to improve generalizability to rare events.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Deepti Hegde , Rajeev Yasarla , Hong Cai , Shizhong Han , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Shweta Mahajan , Litian Liu , Risheek Garrepalli , Vishal M. Patel , Fatih Porikli

Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit advanced capabilities in tasks that require visual information, including object detection. These capabilities have promising applications in various industrial domains, such as autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haruki Sakajo , Hiroshi Takato , Hiroshi Tsutsui , Komei Soda , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

We present Dynamic Skill Adaptation (DSA), an adaptive and dynamic framework to adapt novel and complex skills to Large Language Models (LLMs). Compared with previous work which learns from human-curated and static data in random orders, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang