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Reinforcement learning (RL) solves sequential decision-making problems via a trial-and-error process interacting with the environment. While RL achieves outstanding success in playing complex video games that allow huge trial-and-error,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Fan-Ming Luo , Tian Xu , Hang Lai , Xiong-Hui Chen , Weinan Zhang , Yang Yu

We study multi-objective reinforcement learning (RL) where an agent's reward is represented as a vector. In settings where an agent competes against opponents, its performance is measured by the distance of its average return vector to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Tiancheng Yu , Yi Tian , Jingzhao Zhang , Suvrit Sra

We consider deterministic mean field games where the dynamics of a typical agent is non-linear with respect to the state variable and affine with respect to the control variable. Particular instances of the problem considered here are mean…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Justina Gianatti , Francisco J. Silva

We study the problem of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with adaptivity constraints -- a new problem motivated by real-world applications where deployments of new policies are costly and the number of policy updates must be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Dan Qiao , Yu-Xiang Wang

Recent advances at the intersection of dense large graph limits and mean field games have begun to enable the scalable analysis of a broad class of dynamical sequential games with large numbers of agents. So far, results have been largely…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

This paper studies the discrete-time linear-quadratic-Gaussian mean field (MF) social control problem in an infinite horizon, where the dynamics of all agents are unknown. The objective is to design a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Hanfang Zhang , Bing-Chang Wang , Shuo Chen

Multi-agent robotic systems are increasingly operating in real-world environments in close proximity to humans, yet are largely controlled by policy models with inscrutable deep neural network representations. We introduce a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Renos Zabounidis , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara

We design and analyze reinforcement learning algorithms for Graphon Mean-Field Games (GMFGs). In contrast to previous works that require the precise values of the graphons, we aim to learn the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of the regularized GMFGs…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Fengzhuo Zhang , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Agent-based computational economics is a field with a rich academic history, yet one which has struggled to enter mainstream policy design toolboxes, plagued by the challenges associated with representing a complex and dynamic reality. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Callum Rhys Tilbury

We investigate multi-agent imitation learning (IL) within the framework of mean field games (MFGs), considering the presence of time-varying correlated signals. Existing MFG IL algorithms assume demonstrations are sampled from Mean Field…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhiyu Zhao , Qirui Mi , Ning Yang , Xue Yan , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

The analysis and control of large-population systems is of great interest to diverse areas of research and engineering, ranging from epidemiology over robotic swarms to economics and finance. An increasingly popular and effective approach…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Kai Cui , Anam Tahir , Gizem Ekinci , Ahmed Elshamanhory , Yannick Eich , Mengguang Li , Heinz Koeppl

In reinforcement learning, we typically refer to unsupervised pre-training when we aim to pre-train a policy without a priori access to the task specification, i.e. rewards, to be later employed for efficient learning of downstream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Riccardo Zamboni , Mirco Mutti , Marcello Restelli

Mean field games (MFGs) are a promising framework for modeling the behavior of large-population systems. However, solving MFGs can be challenging due to the coupling of forward population evolution and backward agent dynamics. Typically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chenyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Xuan Di

This paper establishes a data-driven solution for infinite horizon linear quadratic Gaussian Mean Field Games with network-coupled heterogeneous agent populations where the dynamics of the agents are unknown. The solution technique relies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Jean Zhu , Shuang Gao

The mean field games (MFG) theory has broad application in mathematical modeling of social phenomena. The Mean Field Games System (MFGS) is the key to the MFG theory. This is a system of two nonlinear parabolic partial differential…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Michael V. Klibanov , Jingzhi Li , Hongyu Liu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) becomes more challenging in the presence of more agents, as the capacity of the joint state and action spaces grows exponentially in the number of agents. To address such a challenge of scale, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Yan Li , Lingxiao Wang , Jiachen Yang , Ethan Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Tuo Zhao , Hongyuan Zha

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a challenging and active field of research due to the inherent nonstationary property and coupling between agents. A popular approach to modeling the multi-agent interactions underlying the multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jushan Chen , Santiago Paternain

This letter studies multi-agent reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov potential games. Solving this problem is challenging due to partial observability, decentralized information, and the curse of dimensionality. First, to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wonseok Yang , Thinh T. Doan

Financial markets are often driven by latent factors which traders cannot observe. Here, we address an algorithmic trading problem with collections of heterogeneous agents who aim to perform optimal execution or statistical arbitrage, where…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-04-02 Philippe Casgrain , Sebastian Jaimungal

The theory of mean field games studies the limiting behaviors of large systems where the agents interact with each other in a certain symmetric way. The running and terminal costs are critical for the agents to decide the strategies.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-05 Hongyu Liu , Chenchen Mou , Shen Zhang