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The performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely limited by multi-photon pulses emitted by laser sources due to the photon-number splitting attack. Coherent-one-way (COW) QKD has been introduced as a promising solution to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Javier González-Payo , Róbert Trényi , Weilong Wang , Marcos Curty

We propose a method to improve the performance of two entanglement-based continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols using noiseless linear amplifiers. The two entanglement-based schemes consist of an entanglement distribution…

We consider the asymptotic key rates achieved in the simplest quantum key distribution protocols, namely the BB84 and the six-state protocols, when non-uniform noise is present in the system. We first observe that higher qubit error rates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-02 Gláucia Murta , Filip Rozpędek , Jérémy Ribeiro , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

We introduce noise-adaptive quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, in which the honest parties optimize the encoding (state preparation) and decoding (measurement basis) operations according to the noise models affecting the honest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Abinash Kar , Ayan Patra , Aditi Sen De , Tamoghna Das

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. We argue that QKD will be an important part of future cryptographic infrastructures. It can provide long-term confidentiality for encrypted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-25 Douglas Stebila , Michele Mosca , Norbert Lütkenhaus

A major application of quantum communication is the distribution of entangled particles for use in quantum key distribution (QKD). Due to noise in the communication line, QKD is in practice limited to a distance of a few hundred kilometres,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-28 Stefan Bäuml , Matthias Christandl , Karol Horodecki , Andreas Winter

This paper suggests an improvement to the BB84 scheme in Quantum key distribution. The original scheme has its weakness in letting quantifiably more information gain to an eavesdropper during public announcement of unencrypted bases lists.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Sanjeevakumar , M. Kasi Rajan , L. Sudarsan , R. Venkatesh , N. Srinivasan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has long been a promising area for application of quantum effects toward solving real-world problems. But two major obstacles have stood in the way of widespread applications: low secure key generation rates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 David S. Simon , Alexander V. Sergienko

The theoretically proven security of quantum key distribution (QKD) could revolutionise how information exchange is protected in the future. Several field tests of QKD have proven it to be a reliable technology for cryptographic key…

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. However, as demonstrated in recent quantum hacking theory and experimental papers, detection efficiency loophole can be fatal to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma

High-dimensional entanglement has shown to have significant advantages in quantum communication. It is available in many degrees of freedom and in particular in the time-domain routinely produced in down-conversion (SPDC). While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 Alexandra Bergmayr , Florian Kanitschar , Matej Pivoluska , Marcus Huber

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) enables a dealer to securely distribute keys to multiple players. Device-independent (DI) QSS can resist all possible attacks from practical imperfect devices and provide QSS the highest level of security in…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) gradually has become a crucial element of practical secure communication. In different scenarios, the security analysis of genuine QKD systems is complicated. A universal secret key rate calculation method,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-13 Zehong Chang , Fumin Wang , Xiaoli Wang , Xiaofei Liu , Rongqian Wu , Yi lv , Pei Zhang

We address the role of noisy squeezing in security and performance of continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Squeezing has long been recognized for its numerous advantages in CV QKD, such as enhanced robustness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Akash nag Oruganti , Ivan Derkach , Radim Filip , Vladyslav C. Usenko

We prove unconditional security for a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on distilling pbits (twisted ebits) [quant-ph/0309110] from an arbitrary untrusted state that is claimed to contain distillable key. Our main result is that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-18 Karol Horodecki , Michal Horodecki , Pawel Horodecki , Debbie Leung , Jonathan Oppenheim

Quantum key distribution is widely thought to offer unconditional security in communication between two users. Unfortunately, a widely accepted proof of its security in the presence of source, device and channel noises has been missing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) can overcome fundamental secret-key-rate bounds on point-to-point QKD links, allowing us to reach longer distances than ever before. Since its introduction, several TF-QKD variants have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Lewis Wooltorton , Mohsen Razavi

Device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) can permit the superior security even with unknown devices. In practice, however, the realization of device-independent QKD is technically challenging because of its low noise tolerance. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Feihu Xu , Yu-Zhe Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) is advantageous for long-distance secure communication, leveraging its simple implementation and quadratic scaling capacity. The post-measurement pairing in MP-QKD alleviates the…