English
Related papers

Related papers: Improving Token-Based World Models with Parallel O…

200 papers

Transformers have increasingly outperformed gated RNNs in obtaining new state-of-the-art results on supervised tasks involving text sequences. Inspired by this trend, we study the question of how Transformer-based models can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Ricky Loynd , Roland Fernandez , Asli Celikyilmaz , Adith Swaminathan , Matthew Hausknecht

Sample efficiency remains a fundamental issue of reinforcement learning. Model-based algorithms try to make better use of data by simulating the environment with a model. We propose a new neural network architecture for world models based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Jan Robine , Tobias Uelwer , Stefan Harmeling

Large language models (LLMs) are typically pretrained with next-word prediction (NWP), which yields strong surface fluency but places limited pressure on models to form explicit reasoning before emitting tokens. We study whether shifting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ming Shen , Zhikun Xu , Jacob Dineen , Xiao Ye , Ben Zhou

Model-based next state prediction and state value prediction are slow to converge. To address these challenges, we do the following: i) Instead of a neural network, we do model-based planning using a parallel memory retrieval system (which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-02 John Chong Min Tan , Mehul Motani

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. The self-attention architecture allows transformer to combine information from all elements of a sequence into context-aware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mikhail S. Burtsev , Yuri Kuratov , Anton Peganov , Grigory V. Sapunov

Keyword spotting (KWS) on mobile devices generally requires a small memory footprint. However, most current models still maintain a large number of parameters in order to ensure good performance. In this paper, we propose a temporally…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Shenghua Hu , Jing Wang , Yujun Wang , Wenjing Yang

Owing to recent advancements, Large Language Models (LLMs) can now be deployed as agents for increasingly complex decision-making applications in areas including robotics, gaming, and API integration. However, reflecting past experiences in…

In real-world reinforcement learning (RL) scenarios, agents often encounter partial observability, where incomplete or noisy information obscures the true state of the environment. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ashok Arora , Neetesh Kumar

World models enable agents to plan within imagined environments by predicting future states conditioned on past observations and actions. However, their ability to plan over long horizons is limited by the effective memory span of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Eli J. Laird , Corey Clark

Despite the potential of language model-based agents to solve real-world tasks such as web navigation, current methods still struggle with long-horizon tasks with complex action trajectories. In contrast, humans can flexibly solve complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zora Zhiruo Wang , Jiayuan Mao , Daniel Fried , Graham Neubig

World models learn to simulate environment dynamics from experience, enabling sample-efficient reinforcement learning. But what do these models actually represent internally? We apply interpretability techniques--including linear and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xinyu Zhang

Transformers achieve unrivalled performance in modelling language, but remain inefficient in terms of memory and time complexity. A possible remedy is to reduce the sequence length in the intermediate layers by pooling fixed-length segments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Piotr Nawrot , Jan Chorowski , Adrian Łańcucki , Edoardo M. Ponti

World models represent a promising approach for training reinforcement learning agents with significantly improved sample efficiency. While most world model methods primarily rely on sequences of discrete latent variables to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jia-Hua Lee , Bor-Jiun Lin , Wei-Fang Sun , Chun-Yi Lee

Temporal action detection (TAD) aims to locate and recognize the actions in an untrimmed video. Anchor-free methods have made remarkable progress which mainly formulate TAD into two tasks: classification and localization using two separate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Junshan Hu , Chaoxu guo , Liansheng Zhuang , Biao Wang , Tiezheng Ge , Yuning Jiang , Houqiang Li

Scaling the size of language models to tens of billions of parameters has led to impressive performance on a wide range of tasks. At generation, these models are used auto-regressively, requiring a forward pass for each generated token, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Giovanni Monea , Armand Joulin , Edouard Grave

State-of-the-art speech-to-text models typically employ Transformer-based encoders that model token dependencies via self-attention mechanisms. However, the quadratic complexity of self-attention in both memory and computation imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eva Feillet , Ryan Whetten , David Picard , Alexandre Allauzen

Top-performing Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) agents, such as Dreamer, learn the world model by reconstructing the image observations. Hence, they often fail to discard task-irrelevant details and struggle to handle visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Fei Deng , Ingook Jang , Sungjin Ahn

Reinforcement learning algorithms often suffer from slow convergence due to sparse reward signals, particularly in complex environments where feedback is delayed or infrequent. This paper introduces the Psychological Regret Model (PRM), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhe Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents have shown remarkable performances in various environments, where they can discover effective policies directly from sensory inputs. However, these agents often exploit spurious correlations in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Elisabeth Dillies , Quentin Delfosse , Jannis Blüml , Raban Emunds , Florian Peter Busch , Kristian Kersting

With the popularity of Transformer architectures in computer vision, the research focus has shifted towards developing computationally efficient designs. Window-based local attention is one of the major techniques being adopted in recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Ammarah Farooq , Muhammad Awais , Sara Ahmed , Josef Kittler