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As a long-term threat to the privacy of training data, membership inference attacks (MIAs) emerge ubiquitously in machine learning models. Existing works evidence strong connection between the distinguishability of the training and testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Dingfan Chen , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are currently considered one of the main privacy attack strategies, and their defense mechanisms have also been extensively explored. However, there is still a gap between the existing defense approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xingli Fang , Jung-Eun Kim

Training a machine learning model with data following a meaningful order, i.e., from easy to hard, has been proven to be effective in accelerating the training process and achieving better model performance. The key enabling technique is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joann Qiongna Chen , Xinlei He , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang , Zhou Li

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical threat to the privacy of training data in deep learning. Despite significant progress in attack methodologies, our understanding of when and how models encode membership information during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yuetian Chen , Zhiqi Wang , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Lei Yu

Machine learning (ML) models are vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIAs), which determine whether a given input is used for training the target model. While there have been many efforts to mitigate MIAs, they often suffer from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Zitao Chen , Karthik Pattabiraman

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against machine learning (ML) models aim to determine whether a given data point was part of the model training data. These attacks may pose significant privacy risks to individuals whose sensitive data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mona Khalil , Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Machine learning models, in particular deep neural networks, are currently an integral part of various applications, from healthcare to finance. However, using sensitive data to train these models raises concerns about privacy and security.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Haonan Shi , Tu Ouyang , An Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the promise to revolutionize computing broadly, but their complexity and extensive training data also expose significant privacy vulnerabilities. One of the simplest privacy risks associated with LLMs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Rongting Zhang , Martin Bertran , Aaron Roth

Machine learning (ML) models have been widely applied to various applications, including image classification, text generation, audio recognition, and graph data analysis. However, recent studies have shown that ML models are vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Hongsheng Hu , Zoran Salcic , Lichao Sun , Gillian Dobbie , Philip S. Yu , Xuyun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have become the backbone of modern natural language processing but pose privacy concerns about leaking sensitive training data. Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a sample is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Toan Tran , Ruixuan Liu , Li Xiong

Machine learning models can leak private information about their training data. The standard methods to measure this privacy risk, based on membership inference attacks (MIAs), only check if a given data point \textit{exactly} matches a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

Convex optimization with feedback is a framework where a learner relies on iterative queries and feedback to arrive at the minimizer of a convex function. It has gained considerable popularity thanks to its scalability in large-scale…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-26 Jiaming Xu , Kuang Xu , Dana Yang

In this paper, we explore the properties of loss curvature with respect to input data in deep neural networks. Curvature of loss with respect to input (termed input loss curvature) is the trace of the Hessian of the loss with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Deepak Ravikumar , Efstathia Soufleri , Kaushik Roy

With the rapid advancement of deep learning technology, pre-trained encoder models have demonstrated exceptional feature extraction capabilities, playing a pivotal role in the research and application of deep learning. However, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ruining Sun , Hongsheng Hu , Wei Luo , Zhaoxi Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , Haizhuan Yuan , Leo Yu Zhang

The high cost of model training makes it increasingly desirable to develop techniques for unlearning. These techniques seek to remove the influence of a training example without having to retrain the model from scratch. Intuitively, once a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Jamie Hayes , Ilia Shumailov , Eleni Triantafillou , Amr Khalifa , Nicolas Papernot

Learned recommender systems may inadvertently leak information about their training data, leading to privacy violations. We investigate privacy threats faced by recommender systems through the lens of membership inference. In such attacks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zihan Wang , Na Huang , Fei Sun , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Hengliang Luo , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

The membership inference attack (MIA) is a popular paradigm for compromising the privacy of a machine learning (ML) model. MIA exploits the natural inclination of ML models to overfit upon the training data. MIAs are trained to distinguish…

Machine learning models are prone to memorizing sensitive data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to guess if an input sample was used to train the model. In this paper, we show that prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Liwei Song , Prateek Mittal

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly stringent privacy regulations, protecting data privacy in LLMs has become essential, especially for privacy-sensitive applications. Membership Inference Attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Md Tasnim Jawad , Mingyan Xiao , Yanzhao Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-scale corpora, raising growing concerns about privacy and copyright. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a given example was used during training. Existing LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ravi Ranjan , Utkarsh Grover , Xiaomin Lin , Agoritsa Polyzou
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