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The first law of black hole thermodynamics is suitable for any diffeomorphism invariant gravity, and the entropy in the first law is the Wald entropy which is highly dependent on the non-minimal coupling interactions in the theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-09 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

The Second Law of black hole thermodynamics is shown to hold for arbitrarily complicated theories of higher curvature gravity, so long as we allow only linearized perturbations to stationary black holes. Some ambiguities in Wald's Noether…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-25 Aron C. Wall

In this paper, we investigate the second law of the black holes in Lovelock gravity sourced by a conformally coupled scalar field under the first-order approximation when the perturbation matter fields satisfy the null energy condition.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-24 Jie Jiang , Ming Zhang

Standard methods for calculating the black hole entropy beyond general relativity are ambiguous when the horizon is non stationary. We fix these ambiguities in all quadratic curvature gravity theories, by demanding that the entropy be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-09 Srijit Bhattacharjee , Sudipta Sarkar , Aron C. Wall

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

We investigate the second law of black hole mechanics in gravitational theories with higher derivative terms in the action. Wall has described a method for defining an entropy that satisfies the second law to linear order in perturbations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-29 Stefan Hollands , Áron D. Kovács , Harvey S. Reall

General Relativity is expected to break down in the high-curvature regime. Beyond an effective field theory treatment with higher-order operators, it is important to identify consistent theories with higher-curvature terms at the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-22 Fabrizio Corelli , Paolo Pani , Andrea P. Sanna

In this article we consider the second law of black holes (and other causal horizons) in theories where the gravitational action is an arbitrary function of the Lovelock densities. We show that there exists an entropy which increases…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-21 Sudipta Sarkar , Aron C. Wall

We consider perturbative quantum gravity as a quantum field theory of linearized metric perturbation on an asymptotically flat spacetime with a bifurcate Killing horizon. We include the perturbative gravitational constraints into the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-04 Avinandan Mondal , Kartik Prabhu

We have extended the results of arXiv:1704.06076 upto second subleading order in an expansion around large dimension D. Unlike the previous case, there are non-trivial metric corrections at this order. Due to our `background-covariant'…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Parthajit Biswas , Yogesh Dandekar

Although the entropy of black holes in any diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity can be expressed as the Wald entropy, the issue of whether the entropy always obeys the second law of black hole thermodynamics remains open. Since the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-15 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

We present a semi-rigorous justification of Bekenstein's Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics applicable to a universe with black holes present, based on a generic quantum gravity formulation of a black hole spacetime, where the bulk…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-03 Parthasarathi Majumdar

We examine the Zeroth Law and the Second Law of black hole thermodynamics within the context of effective gravitational actions including higher curvature interactions. We show that entropy can never decrease for quasi-stationary processes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Ted Jacobson , Gungwon Kang , Robert C. Myers

Since the entropy of stationary black holes in Horndeski gravity will be modified by the non-minimally coupling scalar field, a significant issue of whether the Wald entropy still obeys the linearized second law of black hole thermodynamics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-12 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

This paper investigates the influence of matter fields on the geometry of black hole horizons within higher-order gravity theories. Focusing on five-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity at a critical coupling constant ($\alpha =…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-27 Yuxuan Peng

We prove the constancy of surface gravity across a Killing horizon (not necessarily of bifurcate type) in arbitrary higher curvature theories of gravity coupled to Proca fields $-$ vector fields lacking $U(1)$ gauge invariance $-$ thus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-12 Parthajit Biswas , Alokananda Kar , Anowar Shaikh

We consider the effects of higher curvature terms on a holographic dual description of boundary conformal field theory. Specifically, we consider three-dimensional gravity with a specific combination of Ricci tensor square and curvature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Yongjoon Kwon , Soonkeon Nam , Jong-Dae Park , Sang-Heon Yi

To ask a question about a black hole in quantum gravity, one must restrict initial or boundary data to ensure that a black hole is actually present. For two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and probably a much wider class of theories, I show…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

To ask a question about a black hole in quantum gravity, one must restrict initial or boundary data to ensure that a black hole is actually present. For two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and probably a much wider class of theories as well,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Carlip

We construct a proof of the second law of thermodynamics in an arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity working within the approximation of linearized dynamical fluctuations around stationary black holes. We achieve this by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Prateksh Dhivakar , Anirban Dinda , Nilay Kundu , Milan Patra , Shuvayu Roy
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