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Transformer has shown promising results in many sequence to sequence transformation tasks recently. It utilizes a number of feed-forward self-attention layers to replace the recurrent neural networks (RNN) in attention-based encoder decoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Pan Zhou , Ruchao Fan , Wei Chen , Jia Jia

The probability prediction of multivariate time series is a notoriously challenging but practical task. On the one hand, the challenge is how to effectively capture the cross-series correlations between interacting time series, to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Shibo Feng , Chunyan Miao , Ke Xu , Jiaxiang Wu , Pengcheng Wu , Yang Zhang , Peilin Zhao

While numerous forecasters have been proposed using different network architectures, the Transformer-based models have state-of-the-art performance in time series forecasting. However, forecasters based on Transformers are still suffering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Kun Yi , Jingru Fei , Qi Zhang , Hui He , Shufeng Hao , Defu Lian , Wei Fan

Transformer-based models have greatly pushed the boundaries of time series forecasting recently. Existing methods typically encode time series data into $\textit{patches}$ using one or a fixed set of patch lengths. This, however, could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Linfeng Du , Ji Xin , Alex Labach , Saba Zuberi , Maksims Volkovs , Rahul G. Krishnan

Self-attention is key to the remarkable success of transformers in sequence modeling tasks including many applications in natural language processing and computer vision. Like neural network layers, these attention mechanisms are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Tan M. Nguyen , Tam Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Richard G. Baraniuk , Stanley J. Osher

The task of multi-channel time series forecasting is ubiquitous in numerous fields such as finance, supply chain management, and energy planning. It is critical to effectively capture complex dynamic dependencies within and between channels…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Lei Gao , Hengda Bao , Jingfei Fang , Guangzheng Wu , Weihua Zhou , Yun Zhou

Transformer-based time series foundation models face a fundamental trade-off in choice of tokenization: point-wise embeddings preserve temporal fidelity but scale poorly with sequence length, whereas fixed-length patching improves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Nikita Seleznev , Nam H. Nguyen , Yulun Wu , Senthil Kumar , Furong Huang , C. Bayan Bruss

Time series data is a prevalent form of data found in various fields. It consists of a series of measurements taken over time. Forecasting is a crucial application of time series models, where future values are predicted based on historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sahar Koohfar , Wubeshet Woldemariam

Photonic reservoir computing has been successfully utilized in time-series prediction as the need for hardware implementations has increased. Prediction of chaotic time series remains a significant challenge, an area where the conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Felix Köster , Kazutaka Kanno , Jun Ohkubo , Atsushi Uchida

Modeling of longitudinal cohort data typically involves complex temporal dependencies between multiple variables. There, the transformer architecture, which has been highly successful in language and vision applications, allows us to…

The attention mechanism within the transformer architecture enables the model to weigh and combine tokens based on their relevance to the query. While self-attention has enjoyed major success, it notably treats all queries $q$ in the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xuechen Zhang , Xiangyu Chang , Mingchen Li , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

To improve the robustness of transformer neural networks used for temporal-dynamics prediction of chaotic systems, we propose a novel attention mechanism called easy attention which we demonstrate in time-series reconstruction and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Marcial Sanchis-Agudo , Yuning Wang , Roger Arnau , Luca Guastoni , Jasmin Lim , Karthik Duraisamy , Ricardo Vinuesa

Downsampling-based methods for time series forecasting have attracted increasing attention due to their superiority in capturing sequence trends. However, this approaches mainly capture dependencies within subsequences but neglect…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhangyao Song , Nanqing Jiang , Miaohong He , Xiaoyu Zhao , Tao Guo

The performance of transformers for time-series forecasting has improved significantly. Recent architectures learn complex temporal patterns by segmenting a time-series into patches and using the patches as tokens. The patch size controls…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yitian Zhang , Liheng Ma , Soumyasundar Pal , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Dynamic graph embedding has emerged as a very effective technique for addressing diverse temporal graph analytic tasks (i.e., link prediction, node classification, recommender systems, anomaly detection, and graph generation) in various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Alan John Varghese , Aniruddha Bora , Mengjia Xu , George Em Karniadakis

Time series forecasting is an important problem across many domains, playing a crucial role in multiple real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a forecasting architecture that combines deep autoregressive models with a Spectral…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-28 Fernando Moreno-Pino , Pablo M. Olmos , Antonio Artés-Rodríguez

Transformer-based models are at the forefront in long time-series forecasting (LTSF). While in many cases, these models are able to achieve state of the art results, they suffer from a bias toward low-frequencies in the data and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Elisha Dayag , Nhat Thanh Van Tran , Jack Xin

Timeseries analytics is of great importance in many real-world applications. Recently, the Transformer model, popular in natural language processing, has been leveraged to learn high quality feature embeddings from timeseries, core to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jiaming Liang , Lei Cao , Samuel Madden , Zachary Ives , Guoliang Li

We consider a setting where multiple entities inter-act with each other over time and the time-varying statuses of the entities are represented as multiple correlated time series. For example, speed sensors are deployed in different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Razvan-Gabriel Cirstea , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is a crucial aspect of modern society, playing a pivotal role in facilitating long-term planning and developing early warning systems. While many Transformer-based models have recently been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jiaxin Gao , Wenbo Hu , Yuntian Chen